ὅσ·περ, ἥ·περ, ὅ·περ (celui, celle, ce) qui précisément, ou simpl. qui, lequel, particul. après des adj. de ressemblance : ωὑτὸς ὅσπερ, HDT. 8, 42, le même qui, etc. ; de même après ἴσος, SOPH. O.R. 1499, etc. ; avec d’autres mots entre ὅς et περ, IL. 4, 524, etc. ; OD. 24, 508, etc. ; avec une particule : ὅσπερ γε, SOPH. Ph. 559, etc. ; ὅπερ τε, OD. 14, 466, etc. ; adv. :
      1 acc. neutre ὅπερ, à cause de quoi, justement, précisément pour cela, DS. 13, 18 ; ou cependant, toutefois, DYSC. Pron. 390 c ;
      2 gén. οὗπερ (v. ὅς) ;
      3 dat. fém. ᾗπερ, dor. ᾇπερ, où, justement par laquelle voie, IL. 6, 41, etc. ; OD. 4, 565, etc. ; XÉN. An. 6, 5, 10, etc. ; ou comme, IL. 7, 286 ; ESCHL. Ch. 440, etc. ; avec une particule : ᾗπερ δή, IL. 9, 310 ; ᾗπερ καί, XÉN. Mem. 3, 8, 2, comme précisément ;
      4 acc. pl. neutre, ἅπερ, comme, ESCHL. Eum. 131 ; ἅπερ τε, m. sign. ESCHL. Ch. 381 ; v. en outre διόπερ, καθάπερ.

➳ Épq. nom. masc. sg. ὅπερ, IL. 7, 114, etc. ; gén. οἵοπερ, A.RH. 1, 1325 ; en poésie et en prose ion. les formes du neutre, du masc. plur. et des cas obliques dérivent de l’art. : sg. neutre τόπερ, A.RH. 3, 1098 ; gén. τοῦπερ, ESCHL. Pers. 779 ; dat. fém. τῇπερ, IL. 24, 603, etc. ; plur. masc. τοίπερ, OD. 13, 130 ; neutre τάπερ, HDT. 3, 16, etc. ; gén. τῶνπερ, IL. 13, 638, etc.

Étym. ὅς, περ.

ἥπερ, ὅπερ (Ep. ὅπερ as masc., Il. 7.114, 21.107); gen. οὗπερ, Ep. οἷόπερ A.R. 1.1325 ; in Ion. writers and in Poets the obl. cases are sts. borrowed from the Art., τόπερ Id. 3.1098 ; τοῦπερ A. Pers. 779 ; τῇπερ Il. 24.603, Hdt. 1.30 ; τοίπερ Od. 13.130 ; τάπερ A. Ch. 418 (lyr.), Hdt. 3.16 ; τῶνπερ Il. 13.638, A. Ag. 974 ; on concord and constr. cf. ὅς B. 1.1, 2, 4, 11.1a, 3, IV. 4 : — the very man who, the very thing which; freq. indistinguishable from simple ὅς, cf. ὅσος III. 4 ; with words intervening between ὅς and περ, ὅς ῥ’ ἔβαλέν περ Il. 4.524, cf. 13.101, etc. used after Adjs. of resemblance, ὡυτὸς ὅσπερ Hdt. 8.42 ; ἐκ τῶν ἴσων…, ὧνπερ αὐτὸς ἐξέφυ S. OT 1499 ; ὅμοια ἔπραττον ἅπερ ἄν… X. An. 5.44.34 ; ὅρκια τάπερ τε… the same as…, Hdt. 1.74. special uses of cases, ὅπερ, wherefore, D.S. 13.18 codd. (s.v.l.); although, A.D. Pron. 103.7. ἅπερ, as, like, A. Ch. 381 (lyr.), Eu. 131, 660, S. Aj. 168 (anap., as v.l.), OT 175 (lyr.), X. HG 5.1.18, etc. ; cf. καθάπερ. οὗπερ, v. ὅς A b. 1. ᾗπερ, Dor. ᾇπερ, which way, where, whither, Il. 6.41, 12.33, X. An. 6.5.10, etc. ; Ion. τῇπερ, ἔθαψαν… τῇπερ ἔπεσε Hdt. 1.30 ; also, as, Il. 7.286, A. Ch. 440 (lyr.), Ar. Ach. 364 ; ᾗπερ δή Il. 9.310 ; ᾗπερ καί X. Mem. 3.8.2. in the Logic of Aristotle, ὅπερ ἐστί, or ὅπερ alone, has two senses ; non-technical, and unemphatic, what (a thing) is, ἑκάστη οὐσία τοῦθ’ ὅ. ἐστίν, οὐ λέγεται μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον each substance is called what it is without the difference of more or less, Cat. 3b36 ; τὸ διπλάσιον τοῦθ’ ὅ. ἐστίν, ἑτέρου λέγεται the double is called what it is (viz. the double) of something, i.e. is relative, ib. 6a39. expressing identity, οὔτε ἡ χιὼν ὅ. λευκόν snow is not what white is, i.e. is not identical with white, Top. 120b23 ; ὁ λευκὸς ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. χρῶμα ib. 116a27; hence, to indicate the precise or essential nature of a thing, οὐ γὰρ ἂν φαίη ὅ. κακόν τι εἶναι τὴν ἡδονήν he would not say that pleasure is essentially something bad, EN 1153b6; τὰ μὲν οὐσίαν σημαίνοντα ὅ. ἐκεῖνό ἢ ὅ. ἐκεῖνό τι σημαίνει expressions which show the essence show precisely what the thing in question is or precisely of what kind it is (i.e. indicate either its species or its genus), APo. 83a24 ; ὅ. <τόδε> τί ἐστι τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι the essence of a thing is precisely a ΄this΄, i.e. a fully specified particular, Metaph. 1030a3; ἡ μὲν [ἐπιστήμη] ὅ. ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν knowledge (that man is an animal) is apprehension that ΄animal΄is an element in the essential nature of man, APo. 89a35.

s. ὅς¹.

ὅσπερ, see: ὅς.
ὅς, ἥ, ὅ,
the postpositive article (ἄρθρον ὑποτακτικόν).
__I. As demonstr. pron. = οὗτος, ὅδε, this, that, also for αὐτός, chiefly in nom.: ὅς δέ, but he (cf. ἦ δὲ ὅς, freq. in Plat.), Mrk.15:23, Jhn.5:11; ὃς μὲν . . . ὃς δέ, the one . . . the other, Mat.21:35, 22:5, 25:15, Luk.23:33, Act.27:14, Rom.14:5, 1Co.11:21, 2Co.2:18, Ju 22; neut., ὃ μὲν . . . ὃ δέ, the one . . . the other, some . . . some, Mat.13:8, 23, Rom.9:21; ὃς (ὃ) μὲν . . . (ἄλλος (ἄλλο)) . . . ἕτερος, Mrk.4:4, Luk.8:5, 1Co.12:8-10; οὓς μέν, absol., 1Co.12:28; ὃς μὲν . . . ὁ δέ, Rom.14:2.
__II. As relat. pron., who, which, what, that;
__1. agreeing in gender with its antecedent, but differently governed as to case: Mat.2:9, Luk.9:9, Act.20:18, Rom.2:29, al. mult.
__2. In variation from the common construction;
__(a) in gender, agreeing with a noun in apposition to the antecedent: Mrk.15:16, Gal.3:16, Eph.6:17, al.; constr. ad sensum: Jhn.6:9, Col.2:19, 1Ti.3:16, Rev.13:14, al.;
__(b) in number, constr. ad sensum: Act.15:36, 2Pe.3:1;
__(with) in case, by attraction to the case of the antecedent (Bl., §50, 2): Jhn.4:18, Act.3:21, Rom.15:18, 1Co.6:19, Eph.1:8, al.
__3. The neut. ὅ with nouns of other gender and with phrases, which thing, which term: Mrk.3:17 12:42, Jhn.1:39, Col.3:14, al.; with a sentence, Act.2:32, Gal.2:10, 1Jn.2:8, al.
__4. With ellipse of a demonstrative (οὗτος or ἐκεῖνος), before or after: before, Mat.20:23, Luk.7:43, Rom.10:14, al.; after, Mat.10:38, Mrk.9:40, Jhn.19:22, Rom.2:1 al.
__5. Expressing purpose, end or cause: Mat.11:10 (who = that he may), Mrk.1:2, Heb.12:6 al.
__6. C. prep, as periphrasis for conjc.: ἀνθ᾽ ὧν ( = ἀντὶ τούτων ὧν), because, Luk.1:20, al.; wherefore, Luk.12:3; ἐξ οὗ, since, for that, Rom.5:12; ἀφ᾽ οὗ, since (temporal), Luk.13:25; ἐξ οὗ, whence, Php.3:20; etc.
__7. With particles: ὃς ἄν (ἐάν), see: ἄν, ἐάν; ὃς καί, Mrk.3:19, Jhn.21:20, Rom.5:2, al.; ὃς καὶ αὐτός, Mat.27:57.
__8. Gen., οὗ, absol., as adv. (see: οὗ).
(AS)