(v. n.P. a.) : sŭpĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and
* A. [id.].
* Neutr., to go over, to rise above, overtop, surmount.
* Lit. (very rare; syn. transcendo): maximo saltu superabit gravidus armatis equus, surmounted, leaped the wall, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 97 Vahl.): sol superabat ex mari,Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 41: ripis superat mihi atque abundat pectus laetitia meum,id. ib. 2, 1, 6: jugo superans,passing over the summit,Verg. A. 11, 514: superat agger ad auras,Stat. Th. 4, 458: (angues) superant capite et cervicibus altis,Verg. A. 2, 219.
* Act., to go or pass over, rise above; to mount, ascend; to surmount, overtop.
* To have the upper hand or superiority, to be superior, to overcome, surpass (syn. vinco): denique nostra superat manus,Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 80: quā (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant,Caes. B. G. 3, 14; 1, 40: numero militum,Liv. 29, 30, 8; cf.: numero hostis, virtute Romanus superat,id. 9, 32, 7: tantum superantibus malis,id. 3, 16, 4: sorte,id. 38, 36, 10: victor, superans animis,Verg. A. 5, 473: hostes equitatu superare,Nep. Ages. 3, 6: unde salo superant venti,Prop. 3, 5 (4, 4), 29: superat sententia Sabini,Caes. B. G. 5, 31: si superaverit morbus,Plin. Ep. 7, 1, 3.
* To exceed, be in excess, be superfluous; to be abundant, to abound (syn. supersum): in quo et deesse aliquam partem et superare mendosum est,Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 83: pecunia superabat? at egebas,id. Or. 67, 224: uter igitur est divitior? cui deest an cui superat?id. Par. 6, 3, 49: quis tolerare potest, illis divitias superare, nobis rem familiarem etiam ad necessaria deesse?Sall. C. 20, 11: cui quamquam virtus, gloria ... superabant,id. J. 64, 1: quae Jugurthae fesso superaverant,had been too much for,id. ib. 70, 2: de eo quod ipsis superat,Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42: Quinto delegabo, si quid aeri meo alieno superabit et emptionibus,id. Att. 13, 46, 3: superabat umor in arvis,Lucr. 5, 804: superante multitudine,Liv. 3, 5: cum otium superat,id. 3, 17: num tibi superat superbia?Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 86: gentis superant tibi laudes,Tib. 4, 1, 28: dum superat gregibus juventas,Verg. G. 3, 63: si superant fetus,id. ib. 1, 189: quam facile tunc sit omnia impedire et quam hoc Caesari superet, non te fallit, perh. how exceedingly easy it would have been, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 3 dub.
* To be left over, to remain, survive (syn. supersum): quae superaverint animalia capta, immolant,Caes. B. G. 6, 17: quod superaret pecuniae,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195: quae arma superabunt, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, § 4; Plaut. Truc. 5, 49: nihil ex raptis commeatibus superabat,Liv. 22, 40, 8: pepulerunt jam paucos superantes,id. 22, 49, 5: si de quincunce remota est Uncia, quid superat?Hor. A. P. 328: sex superant versus,Prop. 4 (5), 2, 57. pars quae sola mei superabit corporis, ossa,Tib. 3, 2, 17; Plaut. Truc. prol. 20: superet modo Mantua nobis,Verg. E. 9, 27: uter eorum vitā superarit, whichever survives, Caes. B. G. 6, 19: quae superaverint animalia,id. ib. 6, 17: quid puer Ascanius? superatne et vescitur aurā?Verg. A. 3, 339: captae superavimus urbi,id. ib. 2, 643; Liv. 29, 7, 7: quid igitur superat, quod purgemus?id. 45, 24, 1.
* Lit.
* In gen.: in altisono Caeli clipeo temo superat Stellas, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 73 Müll. (Vahl. Enn. p. 119, om. stellas): tempestas summas ripas fluminis superavit,Caes. B. C. 1, 48: ventosum aequor,Ov. Ib. 591: fluvium,Luc. 4, 150: mare,Sen. Oet. 128: pedibus salsas lacunas,Lucr. 3, 1031: munitiones,Liv. 5, 8, 10: quas (Alpes) nullā dum viā superatas,id. 5, 34, 6; 21, 26, 4; 21, 30, 5; 21, 38, 1; 23, 45, 3: Tauro monte superato,id. 35, 13, 4: montes,Verg. G. 3, 270: Alpes cursu,Luc. 1, 183: immensa montium juga,Plin. Pan. 81, 1: Caucasum,Curt. 7, 3, 22: hoc jugum,Verg. A. 6, 676: fossas,id. ib. 9, 314: summi fastigia tecti Ascensu,id. ib. 2, 303; cf.: caprae gravido superant vix ubere limen,id. G. 3, 317: retia saltu (vulpes),Ov. M. 7, 767: tantum itineris,to traverse, pass over,Tac. Agr. 33: regionem castrorum, to go past or beyond, Caes. B. C. 1, 69; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43: insidias circa ipsum iter locatas,Liv. 2, 50, 6: collocatur in eo turris tabulatorum quae superaret fontis fastigium,but so as to overtop, command,Hirt. B. G. 8, 41: superat (Parnassus) cacumine nubes,Ov. M. 1, 317.
* Trop., to surpass, excel, exceed, outdo, outstrip in any quality, in value, etc.
* Naut. t. t., to sail by or past a place, a promontory, etc.; to double or weather a point, etc.; promontorium, Lucil. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 244; Auct. B. Afr. 62, 3; Liv. 26, 26, 1; 30, 25, 6; 31, 23, 3; Tac. A. 15, 46 et saep.: Euboeam,Nep. Them. 3, 3: cursu Isthmon,Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 5: intima Regna Liburnorum et fontem Timavi,Verg. A. 1, 244 Serv.— Poet., transf.: musarum scopulos, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 223 Vahl.).
* Rising high, prominent, high, lofty: mons superantissimus,Sol. 2 med.—*
* Prevailing, predominant: superantior ignis,Lucr. 5, 394.
* In partic., in milit. lang., to overcome, subdue, conquer, vanquish (syn. debello): victis hostibus, quos nemo posse superari ratu'st,Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 24: armatos ac victores,Caes. B. G. 1, 40: maximas nationes,id. ib. 3, 28; 2, 24: quos integros superavissent,id. B. C. 2, 5: bello superatos esse Arvernos et Rutenos a Q. Fabio Maximo,id. B. G. 1, 45: si Helvetios superaverint Romani,id. ib. 1, 17: Massilienses bis proelio navali superati,id. B. C. 2, 22: clam ferro incautum superat,Verg. A. 1, 350: bello superatus,Ov. M. 12, 364: Asiam bello,Nep. Ages. 4, 3: tota insula in unā urbe superata est,Flor. 2, 6.
* Transf., in gen.: quem (C. Curium) nemo ferro potuit superare nec auro, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 3, 3, 6 (Ann. v. 220 Vahl.): in quo (genere officii) etiam si multi mecum contendent, omnes facile superabo,Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4: si erum videt superare amorem,Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 7: hanc (orationem) assidua ac diligens scriptura superabit,Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150: si meam spem vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit, id. Cat. 4, 11, 23: injurias fortunae facile veterum philosophorum praeceptis superabat,id. Fin. 4, 7, 17: pareatur necessitati, quam ne dii quidem superant,which even the gods are not above, not superior to,Liv. 9, 4, 16: casus omnes,Verg. A. 11, 244: superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est,id. ib. 5, 710: labores,id. ib. 3, 368: difficultates omnes,Vell. 2, 120, 4: cum incedendi nimietate jam superarer,Amm. 19, 8, 6.—Hence, sŭpĕrans, antis, P. a. *