spĕcĭes (noun F) : (
* Gen. sing. specie or specii, Matius ap. Gell. 9, 14, 15; gen. and dat. plur. were not in use in Cicero's time, but formarum, formis were used instead; cf. Cic. Top. 7, 30.—At a later period were introduced: specierum,Pall. Oct. 14, 15; Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10; Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, § 151; cf. Charis. p. 18 P.; and Diom. p. 281 P.: speciebus,App. ad Asclep. p. 92, 25; Cod. Just. 11, 9, 1 al.; Dig. 28, 2, 29, § 10), f. specio.
* Act., a seeing, sight, look, view (rare; cf. aspectus): speciem quo vortimus,Lucr. 4, 242; so id. 4, 236 (for which, a little before, visus); 5, 707; 5, 724; Vitr. 3, 2 fin.; 5, 9: si tantis intervallis nostra species potest id animadvertere,id. 9, 4: qui sensus nostros specie primā acerrime commovent,Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 98: qui doloris speciem ferre non possunt,id. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.
* Pass., prop. that which is seen in a thing, i. e. the outward appearance, outside, exterior; shape, form, figure, mien, etc. (freq. and class.; syn. forma).
* Lit.: praeter speciem stultus,Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 49: quod speciem ac formam similem gerit ejus imago,Lucr. 4, 52; cf.: quae species formaque pugnae, qui motus hominum non ita expictus est, ut, etc.,outlines, contours,Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114: esse aliquem humanā specie et figurā,id. Rosc. Am. 22, 63: hominis esse specie deos confitendum est,id. N. D. 1, 18, 48: edepol specie lepida mulier!Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 2; cf.: bellan' videtur specie mulier?id. Bacch. 4, 7, 40; id. Most. 1, 3, 23; id. Mil. 4, 2, 10; 4, 6, 20: urbis speciem vidi,id. Pers. 4, 4, 2; so, species praeclara oppidi,Cic. Rep. 3, 32, 44; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129: sphaerae (Archimedeae), etc.,id. Rep. 1, 14, 21: navium,Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf.: nova atque inusitata,id. ib. 2, 31: horribilis,id. ib. 7, 36: agro bene culto nihil potest esse specie ornatius,Cic. Sen. 16, 57: horum hominum species est honestissima,id. Cat. 2, 8, 18: ad speciem magnifico ornatu,as to outward appearance,Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58: populi,id. Rep. 3, 33, 45: nec ulla deformior species est civitatis, quam illa, in quā opulentissimi optimi putantur,id. Rep. 1, 34, 51: speciem honesti habere, the look or semblance of what is right, id. Off. 3, 2, 7: turba majorem quam pro numero speciem ferens,Curt. 3, 2, 3; cf.: fallaces sunt rerum species, quibus credimus,Sen. Ben. 4, 34, 1.
* Something seen, aspectacle, sight, appearance: ponite itaque ante oculos miseram quidem illam ac flebilem speciem,Cic. Phil. 11, 3: non tulit hanc speciem furiatā mente Coroebus,Verg. A. 2, 407 (cf. I. supra).
* In partic.
* A look, show, seeming, appearance, semblance, pretence, cloak, color, pretext, etc. (opp. that which is real, actual, etc.).
* Transf.
* Also with gen.: in speciem, after the manner, in the fashion, like (cf. tamquam; poet.): inque chori ludunt speciem,Ov. M. 3, 685: in montis speciem curvari,id. ib. 15, 509; cf.: scorpiones vermiculos ovorum specie pariunt,Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 86.
* Pregn., like the Engl. show, for ornament, display, splendor, beauty (cf.: dignitas, venustas): ut in usum boni sint et in speciem populo,Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 42: fuit pompa, fuit species, fuit incessus saltem Seplasiā dignus et Capuā,Cic. Pis. 11, 24: adhibere quandam in dicendo speciem atque pompam,id. de Or. 2, 72, 294: speciem candoremque caeli,id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68; cf. id. N. D. 2, 37; 2, 39: specie et motu capere homines,id. Brut. 62, 224: triumpho praebere speciem,Liv. 34, 52, 10: addere speciem,id. 37, 40; 9, 40: si fortunatum species et gratia praestat,Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 203: ducit te species,id. S. 2, 2, 35: speciem Saturnia vaccae probat,Ov. M. 1, 612: juvenis,Juv. 10, 310: corporis,Curt. 7, 9, 19; Vitr. 3, 2.
* With sub: sub specie tutelae liberūm ejus invasisse regnum,Curt. 9, 2, 7; 10, 6, 21; Liv. 44, 24, 4.
* With per: per speciem celebrandarum cantu epularum,Liv. 9, 30, 8: per speciem auxilii Byzantiis ferendi, re ipsā, etc.,id. 39, 35, 4; 40, 13, 8; 42, 52, 8.
* With in: si quis in speciem refectionis (viae) deteriorem viam facit,Dig. 43, 11, 1, § 2.—Adverb.: in speciem, for a show, as a pretence: haud dubio in speciem consensu fit ad Poenos deditio,Liv. 24, 1, 8: dilatā in speciem actione, re ipsā sublatā,id. 3, 9, 13; so, ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,Caes. B. C. 2, 35 fin.; id. B. G. 1, 51; Quint. Cic. Pet. Cons. 5, 18 al.
* Concr. (for simulacrum, i. q. εἴδωγον).
* An appearance in sleep, a vision, apparition (mostly poet.), Lucr. 1, 125: repetit quietis Ipsa suae speciem,Ov. M. 9, 473: voce suā specieque viri turbata soporem Excutit,id. ib. 11, 677: in quiete utrique consuli eadem dicitur visa species viri, etc.,Liv. 8, 6: per nocturnas species,id. 26, 19; cf.: mirabundi velut ad somni vanam speciem,id. 33, 32, 7; Sil. 13, 394; Curt. 3, 6, 7.
* Reputation, honor: o speciem dignitatemque populi Romani, quam reges pertimescant,Cic. Dom. 33, 89.
* The particular thing among many to which the looks are turned; hence, a particular sort, kind, or quality, a species: species pars est generis,App. Asclep. p. 78, 26: harum singula genera minimum in binas species dividi possunt, etc.,Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 3; cf.: genus est id, quod sui similes communione quādam, specie autem differentes, duas aut plures complectitur partes,Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189: primum illud genus quaerimus, ex quo ceterae species suspensae sunt ... Homo species est, ut Aristoteles ait, canis species: commune his vinculum animal,Sen. Ep. 58, 7; Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; id. L. L. 10, § 18; Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 40; id. Or. 10, 33; id. Top. 18, 68; Quint. 3, 6, 26; 3, 10, 2; 5, 10, 90 al.: codicillis multas species vestis, argenti specialiter reliquit, many kinds or sorts, Dig. 34, 2, 19; cf. ib. 41, 1, 7.
* In later jurid. lang., a special case: proponitur apud eum species talis: Sutor puero discenti cervicem percussit, etc.,Dig. 9, 2, 5 fin.; 31, 1, 85.
* In late Lat., goods, wares (that are classed together; cf. assortment); publicae,Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10: annonariae,ib. 11, 73, 3: vendenda sit species,i. e. wine,Pall. Oct. 14, 3.—Esp., spices, drugs, etc., Macr. S. 7, 8 med.; Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7; Pall. Oct. 14 fin.