(v. a.P. a.P. a.P. a.P. a.P. a.) : solvo, solvi, solūtum, 3, v. a. (
* Perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13: soluisse,Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.
* To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.
* In a corporeal sense.
* To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.
* Trop.
* To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.
* From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.: Caucasiā solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,Prop. 2, 1, 69: fraxinus solvitur,from the ground,Stat. Th. 9, 498: ceciditque soluta pinus,id. ib. 9, 409; cf.: pinus radice solutā, deficit,id. S. 5, 1, 152: solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5: accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancorā solutā de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,detached,Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublatā; but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102: querno solvunt de stipite funem,id. F. 4, 333: fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,id. Am. 2, 11, 23: curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds: imber caelesti nube solutus,Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfectā vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth: cum solis radii absumant,Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45: solutum a latere pugionem,detached from his side,Suet. Vit. 15.
* To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into (poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.
* With acc. alone: eisce confectis navem solvimus,Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91: navim cupimus solvere,id. Mil. 4, 7, 17: naves solvit,Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26; 3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,Liv. 45, 6: postero die solvere naves (jussi),id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2: classem solvere,Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.
* To consume, to destroy, dissolve: solvere orbes,Manil. 1, 497: ni calor et ventus ... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),Lucr. 3, 287: (Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,Liv. 39, 40, 11: si (cometae) sunt purus ignis ... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2: (turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,id. ib. 7, 9, 4: tabes solvit corpora,Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809: nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),id. 3, 506: ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death: solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,Sen. Ep. 22, 3: hanc mihi solvite vitam,Prop. 2, 9, 39.
* With ex and abl.: nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259: interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.
* With abl.: complures mercatores Alexandriā solvisse,Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50: portu solventibus,id. Mur. 2, 4.— (ε) Absol. (sc. navem or naves): tertiā fere vigiliā solvit,Caes. B. G. 4, 23: nos eo die cenati solvimus,Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2: altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,Liv. 31, 14 init.: qui inde solverant,Val. Max. 1, 7, 3: solvi mare languido,Sen. Ep. 53, 1: fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,id. Ben. 2, 35, 5: non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,making sea-voyages,id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—(ζ) With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore): naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—(η) Poet. usages: de litore puppis solvit iter,clears the voyage,Stat. S. 5, 1, 243: nec tibi Tyrrhenā solvatur funis harenā,Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).
* In gen.: omne colligatum solvi potest,Cic. Fin. 11.
* Of structures (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): solvere naves et rursus conjungere,Curt. 8, 10, 3: solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2: dubitavit an solveret pontem,Curt. 4, 16, 8: solvere pontem,Tac. A. 1, 69: si pons solutus sit,Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7: solutus pons tempestatibus,Just. 2, 13, 9: currum (solis) solutum,Manil. 1, 740.
* Of woven stuff: solvens texta,Prop. 2, 9, 6.
* Of mountains: utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),Sen. Herc. Fur. 237: tridente Neptunus montem solvit,id. Agam. 553.
* Of the neck: soluta cervix silicis impulsu,broken,Sen. Troad. 1119.
* Of a comet: momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.
* Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall: solve capillos,Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3: crinem,id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46: comas casside,Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.
* Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v.infra; post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2: ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,Stat. Th. 7, 745.
* Of a change into air or gas: calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine,Lucr. 6, 235: nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103: ita fatus in aëra rursus solvitur,Stat. Th. 5, 285; nec in aëra solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,Ov. M. 15, 845.
* Into a liquid, to melt: saepe terra in tabem solvitur,Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7: terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,id. ib. 3, 29, 4: nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186: ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so, nivem solvere,id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729: rigor auri solvitur aestu,Lucr. 1, 493: ferrum calidi solvant camini,Manil. 4, 250: cerae igne solutae,Ov. A. A. 2, 47: Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142: (herba) quinto die solvitur,id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.
* Of putrefaction: (vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,Verg. G. 4, 302.
* Of change in general: inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,Ov. F. 1, 108: repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tantā varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—(ε) Of expansion by heat: (uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—(ζ) Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy: gravitas aëris solvitur,Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—(η) Solvi in, to pass into, become: in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave: donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,disappears in,Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2: postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.
* To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.
* From the body, etc.: teque isto corpore solvo,Verg. A. 4, 703: solutā corpore animā,Quint. 5, 14, 13: qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100: vocem solvere,to set free the voice, to speak,Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292: suspiria solvit,Stat. Th. 11, 604: solvat turba jocos,Sen. Med. 114: solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),Hor. S. 1, 4, 83: Ausonii ... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,unrestrained, free,Verg. G. 2, 386.
* To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.
* From obligations and debts: solvit me debito,Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1: an nos debito solverit,id. Ep. 81, 3: ut religione civitas solvatur,Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9: te decem tauri ... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath: hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militiā solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service: sacramento solvi,Tac. A. 16, 13: cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,Dig. 49, 16, 13: militiā solvere,Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties: ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.: ut manere solveretur,that he should be excused from the duty of remaining,Tac. A. 3, 29.
* Implying a change for the worse.
* From feelings, etc.: quae eos qui quaesissent curā et negotio solverent,Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30: cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33: senatus curā belli solutus,Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7: pectus linquunt curā solutum,Lucr. 2, 45: his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56: soluti metu,Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51: solvent formidine terras,Verg. E. 4, 14: solve metu patriam,Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41. metu belli Scythas solvit,Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5: haec est Vita solutorum miserā ambitione,Hor. S. 1, 6, 129: soluti a cupiditatibus,Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27: his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementiā, Hor. Epod. 17, 43: longo luctu,Verg. A. 2, 26: tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitiā),Sen. Hippol. 450: solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,id. Herc. Fur. 1063: Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. —Poet.: solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),the soul from superstition,Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals: rabie tigrim,Manil. 5, 707.—Absol.: ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),Sen. Ep. 95, 38: calices, quem non fecere contractā in paupertate solutum?i. e. from cares,Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20: solvite animos,Manil. 4, 12.—With in: vix haec in munera solvo animum,i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties,Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.
* Of logical dissolution, to refute: non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,how fallacies are refuted,Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22: argumentum solvere,Quint. 2, 17, 34: solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,Sen. Const. 12, 3.
* From labor, business, etc.: volucres videmus ... solutas opere volitare,Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23: solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,Sen. Oedip. 685.—Poet.: Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure,Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.
* From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): frontem solvere disce,Mart. 14, 183: saltem ora trucesque solve genas,Stat. Th. 11, 373: solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.—Poet.: solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,be cleared,Hor. Epod. 13, 5: vultum risu solvit,relieves,Val. Max. 4, 3, 5: risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,Quint. 6, 3, 1; so, solvere judicem,unbend, excite his laughter,id. 11, 3, 3: solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4: ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,Hor. S. 2, 6, 83: cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.: solventur risu tabulae,i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed,Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated: quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,Quint. 5, 10, 67.
* From any cause of restraint.
* To release from siege: Bassanitas obsidione solvere,Liv. 44, 30: patriam obsidione solvere,Val. Max. 3, 2, 2.
* From laws and rules: legibus solvere.
* To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege: Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11: cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,id. ib. 2, 13, 31: ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,id. Agr. 2, 36, 99: Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aeliā et Furiā),id. Att. 1, 16, 13: solvatne legibus Scipionem,Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2: petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,Liv. 31, 50, 8: Scipio legibus solutus est,id. Epit. 56: Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.: ut munere vigintiviratūs solveretur,Tac. A. 3, 29.—Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.: (aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6: solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5: nec leti lege solutas,Lucr. 3, 687: nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition: et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.
* Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from: reus Postumus est eā lege ... solutus ac liber,i. e. the law does not apply to him,Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12: soluti (lege Juliā) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws: solutus Legibus insanis,Hor. S. 2, 6, 68: quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,Sen. Ep. 65, 20.—Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).
* Of troops, ranks, etc.: ubi ordines procursando solvissent,Liv. 42, 65, 8: incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6: agmina Diductis solvere choris,Verg. A. 5, 581: solvit maniplos,Juv. 8, 154: solvuntur laudata cohors,Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle: commissas acies ego possum solvere,Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.
* Of banquets, assemblies, etc.: convivio soluto,Liv. 40, 14 fin.: convivium solvit,Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16: Quid cessas convivia solvere?Ov. F. 6, 675: coetuque soluto Discedunt,id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.
* Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse: (discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,Quint. 1, 9, 2: quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,id. 9, 4, 14: ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,id. 1, 8, 13: non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poëtae,Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.
* To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.): Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,Sen. Ep. 51, 5: usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6: infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,Quint. 1, 2, 6: solutus luxu,id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.: soluti in luxum,Tac. H. 2, 99: in lasciviam,id. ib. 3, 38.—Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm: si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,Quint. 9, 4, 49.
* To make torpid by removing sensation.
* To relax, benumb the limbs or body; as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,Lucr. 6, 798: ima Solvuntur latera,Verg. G. 3, 523: solvi debilitate corporis,paralyzed,Val. Max. 1, 7, 4: ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.—Poet.: illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind: segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,wearies,Quint. 11, 3, 52: mentes solvere,to make insane,Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.
* By frost (poet.): solvuntur illi frigore membra,Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.
* By sleep (poet. for sopio): homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,Ov. M. 7, 186: corpora somnus Solverat,id. ib. 10, 369: molli languore solutus,id. ib. 11, 648; 11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,id. ib. 8, 817: somno vinoque solutos,id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236: ut membra solvit sopor,id. ib. 12, 867: non solvit pectora somnus,Sen. Agam. 76.—With in: solvitur in somnos,Verg. A. 4, 530.—Transf., of the sea: aequor longā ventorum pace solutum,lulled to sleep,Stat. Th. 3, 255.
* By death: solvi, to die (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78: corporibus quae senectus solvit,Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra): (corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2: alius inter cenandum solutus est,id. Ep. 66, 43: ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3: me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,Sen. Troad. 605: solvi inediā,Petr. 111: sic morte quasi somno soluta est,Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence
* To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud: deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.
* In a corporeal sense.
* In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo; post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,Quint. 2, 12, 1: quā convulsā tota operis colligatio solveretur,Val. Max. 8, 14, 6: superā compage solutā,Stat. Th. 8, 31.
* Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.
* To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.: solve vidulum ergo,Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98: eam solve cistulam,id. Am. 2, 2, 151: solve zonam,untie,id. Truc. 5, 62: solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,Stat. Th. 5, 62: animai nodos a corpore solvit,Lucr. 2, 950: nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,Curt. 3, 1, 18: quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2: solvere nodum,Stat. Th. 11, 646: laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,Sen. Tranq. 10, 1: vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,Ov. M. 9, 58: fasciam solve,Sen. Ep. 80, 10: solutis fasciis,Curt. 7, 6, 5: solvi fasciculum,Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2: crinales vittas,Verg. A. 7, 403: Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,Curt. 7, 2, 25: equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,Sen. Ep. 80, 9: redimicula solvite collo,Ov. F. 4, 135: corollas de fronte,Prop. 1, 3, 21: solvere portas,Stat. Th. 3, 492: munimina valli,id. ib. 12, 10: ille pharetram Solvit,Ov. M. 5, 380.—Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood: solutis ac patefactis venis,Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5: venam cultello solvere,Col. 6, 14; cf. also: lychnis alvum solvit,looses the bowels,Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67: ventrem,Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.—Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29: stomachus solutus = venter solutus,loose bowels,Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.
* Lit.
* Of the mouth, etc., to open: talibus ora solvit verbis,Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14: ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525: vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so, os promptius ac solutius,Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.—Transf., of an abyss: hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.
* Trop.
* To efface guilt or wrong: magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,Ov. F. 5, 304: solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,id. ib. 2, 44: culpa soluta mea est,id. Tr. 4, 4, 10: neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.
* (Acc. to II. B. 3. ε supra.) Paid, discharged, only as subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., that which is paid, a discharged debt, in certain phrases: aliquid in solutum dare,to give something in payment,Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment: qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit,Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4: qui rem in solutum accipit,Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19; in solutum imputare,to charge as payment,Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled: pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse,Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor, but not belonging to him: pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causā recepit,Dig. 41, 3, 46.—Adv.: sŏlūtē.
* To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.: atque animi curas e pectore solvat,Lucr. 4, 908: curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,Hor. Epod. 9, 38: patrimonii cura solvatur,Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. § 2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,Val. Max. 4, 3, 14: solvite corde metum,Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90: solve metus animo,Stat. Th. 2, 356: solvi pericula et metus narrant,Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, Ov. M. 9, 274: hoc uno solvitur ira modo,id. A. A. 2, 460: solvitque pudorem,Verg. A. 4, 55.
* Of sleep: quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,Ov. M. 3, 6, 30: nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,Luc. 6, 768; cf.: lassitudinem solvere,Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143.
* Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.
* To raise a siege: solutam cernebat obsidionem,Liv. 36, 10, 14: solutā obsidione,id. 36, 31, 7: ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.
* Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate: solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),Curt. 10, 2, 5: solutae a se legis monitus,Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4: cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,Liv. 8, 4, 7: (Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,id. 1, 49, 7: oportebat istum morem solvi,Curt. 8, 8, 18.
* To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.: quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,Sall. J. 39, 5: imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,Sen. Oedip. 525: sonipedes imperia solvunt,id. Hippol. 1084; cf.: sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,Quint. 11, 3, 58.
* To subvert discipline: disciplinam militarem solvisti,Liv. 8, 7, 16: luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,id. 40, 1, 4: quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.
* Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse: nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,Sall. J. 41, 6: patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,Val. Max. 2, 6, 1: vires solvere,Quint. 9, 4, 7: vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,Quint. 11, 3, 133.
* Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy: segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,Hor. C. 3, 21, 22; similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26: hoc firmos solvit amores,Ov. A. A. 2, 385: amores cantibus et herbis solvere,Tib. 1, 2, 60.
* Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove: vitex dicitur febres solvere,Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60: solvit jejunia granis,Ov. F. 4, 607: quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so, famem,Sen. Thyest. 64.
* To delay: hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,Sen. Troad. 1131.
* Of darkness, to dispel: lux solverat umbras,Stat. Th. 10, 390.
* Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle: aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,Sen. Phoen. 406: electus formae certamina solvere pastor,Stat. Achill. 2, 337: jurgia solvere,Manil. 3, 115: contradictiones solvere,Quint. 7, 1, 38.
* Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove: quia quaestionem solvere non posset,Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3: aenigmata,Quint. 8, 6, 53: omnes solvere posse quaestiones,Suet. Gram. 11: haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1: unum tantum hoc solvendum est,that one question,id. ib. 1, 7, 3: puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,id. Ep. 48, 6: carmina non intellecta Solverat,Ov. M. 7, 760: triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,Sen. Oedip. 102: nodos juris,Juv. 8, 50: proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,Quint. 5, 10, 96: plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,id. 1, 10, 49: quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,id. 3, 7, 3: ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.
* To pay.
* Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula: quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine ... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneāque librā,Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.: inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),Liv. 6, 14, 5: quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person: pro vecturā rem solvit?paid the freight,Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27: ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,id. Aul. 3, 5, 51: tibi res soluta est recte,id. Curc. 4, 3, 21: ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessitā meo,id. ib. 5, 2, 20: rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,id. ib. 5, 3, 45: dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,id. Ps. 2, 2, 35: res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.—Trop.: saepe edunt (aves); semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,they repay him, pay for his expenses,Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money: si tergo res solvonda'st,by a whipping,Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54: habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,id. Curc. 3, 9: tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence
* To fulfil the duty of burial.
* With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay: postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10: hoc quod debeo peto a te ut ... solutum relinquas,settled,id. Att. 16, 6, 3: solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,id. Fl. 23, 54: ex quā (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,id. Att. 16, 2, 1: solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,Val. Max. 6, 2, 11: aes alienum solvere,Sen. Ep. 36, 5: quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so, debitum solvere,id. ib. 6, 30, 2: ne pecunias creditas solverent,Cic. Pis. 35, 86: ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1: ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,Liv. 6, 15, 5: ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts: cum patriae quod debes solveris,Cic. Marcell. 9, 27: debet vero, solvitque praeclare,id. Phil. 13, 11, 25: aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1: qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,id. ib. 2, 22 fin.
* Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.
* Justa solvere; with dat. of the person: qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset,who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father,Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23: justis defunctorum corporibus solutis,Curt. 3, 12, 15: proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus,id. 10, 6, 7: ut justa soluta Remo,Ov. F. 5, 452: nunc justa nato solve,Sen. Hippol. 1245.
* Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, exsolvere; cf.: fidem obligatam liberare,Suet. Claud. 9): illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere,Flor. 1, 1, 12; similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat),Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 4, 1, 18: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.
* Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare): perinde quasi promissum solvens,Val. Max. 9, 6, 1: solvitur quod cuique promissum est,Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.; similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur,what they had promised under oath,Liv. 24, 18, 5.—Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.
* With dat.: ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere,Plaut. Rud. prol. 60: vota Jovi solvo,Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153: sunt vota soluta deae,id. F. 6, 248: dis vota solvis,Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4: libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta),Just. 18, 5, 4.
* (Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11: tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto,id. Ep. 5, 2, 25: reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines,id. Truc. 4, 3, 63: cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat?Cic. Deiot. 7, 22: nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus,unbandaged,id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53: duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit,Liv. 27, 51: eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant,id. 24, 45, 10: non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit,Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.
* (Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus; postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus,Sen. Ep. 90, 21; ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur,Col. 2, 9: soluta et facilis terra,id. 3, 14; solum solutum vel spissum,id. 2, 2 init.; seri vult raphanus terrā solutā, umidā,Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83: hordeum seri non vult, nisi in siccā et solutā terrā,id. 18, 7, 18, § 79: solutiores ripae,Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants: mas spissior, femina solutior,Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness: dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur,Sen. Ep. 90, 20.
* (Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused: turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur,Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3: aër agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est,id. ib. 1, 2, 10: debet aër nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc.,id. ib. 1, 2, 11.
* (Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready: (orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis,Cic. Or. 47, 173: verbis solutus satis,id. ib. 47, 174: solutissimus in dicendo,id. ib. 48, 180.
* Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.: quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus?Cic. Planc. 30, 72: soluta (praedia) meliore in causā sunt quam obligata,unmortgaged,id. Agr. 3, 2, 9: si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber,Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5; non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim,id. ib. 4, 21, 3; solutus omni fenore,Hor. Epod. 2, 4; nam eā (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse,Liv. 8, 32, 5: Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestiā, munere,Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.
* Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.: quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est ... noxali judicio subjectum non esse,Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17: apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam,Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4: omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum,i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished,Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poenā fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.: maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc.,Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.
* Free from cares, undistracted: animo soluto liberoque,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185: sed paulo solutiore tamen animo,id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.
* At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.: te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas,Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2: quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit,id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.: Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis,Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.
* Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial: quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc.,Cic. Dom. 39, 104: an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere?Sen. Ep. 23, 4: vultus,Stat. Th. 5, 355: (mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt,unembarrassed,Sen. Ep. 122, 17.
* Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent: cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam,Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1: ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania,Liv. 29, 1 fin.: Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit,Val. Max. 7, 2, 6: incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt,Tac. A. 2, 4: quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat,Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals: rectore solutos (solis) equos,Stat. Th. 1, 219.
* Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced: nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera,Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66; cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur,id. Div. 1, 2, 4: judicio senatus soluto et libero,id. Phil. 5, 15, 41: sum enim ad dignitatem in re publicā solutus,id. Att. 1, 13, 2: libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio,id. Fin. 1, 10, 33: si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publicā non alius essem atque nunc sum,id. Fam. 1, 9, 21: liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant,uncommitted,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.
* Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose: amores soluti et liberi,Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4: licentia,id. ib. 4, 4, 4: populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint,id. ib. 1, 34, 53: quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere,id. Mil. 13, 34: quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat,Liv. 27, 31 fin.: adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat,id. 2, 1, 2: solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur,a licentious life,Val. Max. 2, 6, 1: spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere,Suet. Aug. 44: mores soluti,licentious habits,Just. 3, 3, 10.
* Regardless of rules, careless, loose: orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu,Cic. Brut. 62, 225: dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia,Tac. A. 16, 18.
* Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.
* Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style: est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis,Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.
* Effeminate, luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.): sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est,Quint. 11, 3, 146.
* Undisciplined, disorderly: omnia soluta apud hostes esse,Liv. 8, 30, 3: nihil temeritate solutum,Tac. A. 13, 40: apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere,Just. 34, 2, 2.
* Lax, remiss, weak: mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat,Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27: Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem,Tac. Or. 18: soluti ac fluentes,Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence: solutum genus orationis,a lifeless, dull style,Val. Max. 8, 10, 3: quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore curā,laxer attention,Liv. 3, 8, 8.
* Thinly: corpora diffusa solute,Lucr. 4, 53.
* Of speech, fluently: non refert videre quid dicendum est, nisi id queas solute ac suaviter dicere,Cic. Brut. 29, 110: ita facile soluteque volvebat sententias,id. ib. 81, 280: quid ipse compositus alias, et velut eluctantium verborum, solutius promptiusque eloquebatur,Tac. A. 4, 31.
* Irregularly, loosely: a fabris neglegentius solutiusque composita,Sen. Q. N. 6, 30, 4.
* Freely, without restraint: generaliter puto judicem justum ... solutius aequitatem sequi,i. e. without strictly regarding the letter of the law,Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.
* Of style, without connection, loosely: enuntiare,Quint. 11, 2, 47.
* Of manners and discipline, disorderly, negligently: praecipue sub imperio Cn. Manlii solute ac neglegenter habiti sunt (exercitus),Liv. 39, 1, 4: in stationibus solute ac neglegenter agentes,id. 23, 37, 6.
* Weakly, tamely, without vigor: quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter,Cic. Brut. 80, 277.
* Of morals, loosely, without restraint: ventitabat illuc Nero, quo solutius urbem extra lasciviret,Tac. A. 13, 47.