(adjective) : servus, a, um, referred by the ancients to servo: servi ex eo appellati sunt, quod imperatores servos vendere, ac per hoc servare, nec occidere solent,Just. Inst. 1, 3, 3; but prob. from root svar-; Lith. svaras, a weight; cf. Gr. ἕρμα; O. H. Germ. swari, burdensome; Germ. schwer, heavy; cf. also serius
* Slavish, servile, subject.
* In gen.
* With homo (= 2. servus; mostly ante-class.): non decet superbum esse hominem servom,Plaut. As. 2, 4, 64; id. Mil. 2, 6, 80; id. Stich. 1, 2, 1; 5, 4, 10; id. Ep. 1, 1, 58; 3, 1, 7; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 62.
* Jurid. t. t., of buildings, lands, etc., liable to certain burdens, subject to a servitude: libera (praedia) meliore jure sunt quam serva,Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 9: fundus,Dig. 8, 6, 6: aedes,ib. 8, 2, 35: area,ib. 8, 2, 34 al.; cf. servio, II. B., and servitus, II B.—Hence

servus | -ŏs, ae | serva (noun M.f) : (), , m., and , , f.
* A slave, servant, serf, serving-man; a female slave, maid-servant.
* Masc. (syn.: famulus, mancipium), Enn. ap. Non. 471, 19 (Com. v. 5 Vahl.); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: servi, ancillae, id. ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 Müll.; cf.: Ulixes domi etiam contumelias servorum ancillarumque pertulit,Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113: servus armiger,Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39: dotalis,id. As. 1, 1, 72: frugi,id. Aul. 4, 1, 1: graphicus et quantivis pretii,id. Ep. 3, 3, 29: nequam et malus,id. Poen. 5, 2, 70: scelestus, infidelis,id. Trin. 2, 4, 126: peculiosus,id. Rud. 1, 2, 24: peculiaris,id. Capt. prol. 20: fallax,Ov. Am. 1, 15, 17: servus a pedibus,Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1: a manu,Suet. Caes. 74: aliquem servum sibi habere ad manum,Cic. de Or. 3, 60, 225: publici, public slaves, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100; Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 13, 4; Cic. Phil. 8, 8, 24; Liv. 9, 29 fin. et saep.; cf. Dig. 1, 5, 5.—Prov.: quot servi, tot hostes, Sinn. Capito ap. Fest. s. v. quot, p. 261 Müll.; cf. Sen. Ep. 47, 3; Macr. S. 1, 11 med.—Esp.: poenae servus, a slave of punishment, i. e. condemned to servile labor, Just. Inst. 1, 12, 3; Dig. 48, 19, 17.
* Trop.: vidit enim eos, qui se judiciorum dominos dici volebant, harum cupiditatum esse servos,Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58: neque tam servi illi dominorum, quam tu libidinum,id. ib. 2, 4, 50, § 112: omnium libidinum servi,Plin. Ep. 8, 22, 1: adulescens libertorum suorum libertus servorumque servus,Vell. 2, 73, 1: servus potestatis,Cic. Cael. 32, 79; cf. also the doubtful reading: legum omnes servi sumus ut liberi esse possimus,id. Clu. 53, 146 (where B. and K. have omnes servimus).
* Fem. (mostly anteclass. for ancilla): servae sint istae an liberae,Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 62: ego serva sum,id. Cist. 4, 2, 99; id. Pers. 4, 4, 63; id. Poen. 5, 4, 31: serva nata,id. Rud. 1, 3, 37: servum servaque natum regnum occupasse,Liv. 1, 47 fin.: serva Briseis,Hor. C. 2, 4, 3 et saep.