(adjective) : rēs, rei (rēi with e long;
* Gen., Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236; rei, gen., monosyl. at the end of the verse, Lucr. 3, 918; and in the middle of the verse,id. 4, 885, and Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6), f. etym. dub.; perh. root ra- of reor, ratus; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. thing, from denken, to think; prop., that which is thought of; cf. also λόγος, Lid. and Scott, 9, a thing, object, being; a matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case, etc.; and sometimes merely = something (cf.: causa, ratio, negotium).
* In gen.: unde initum primum capiat res quaeque movendi,Lucr. 1, 383; cf. id. 1, 536: in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur,id. 2, 826: summe Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.): versus, quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere conor,Lucr. 1, 25; cf. id. 1, 126; 5, 54: rerum natura creatrix,id. 2, 1117: divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei cognitio,Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. divinus): haeret haec res,Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182: profecto, ut loquor, ita res est,id. ib. 2, 1, 19: haud mentior, resque uti facta dico,id. ib. 2, 1, 23: de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius,id. ib. prol. 110: in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā),Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.: quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, quia sunt avibus contraria cunctis,from the nature of the thing,Lucr. 6, 740; cf. id. 6, 424; Liv. 1, 17: si res postulabit,the condition of the case,Cic. Lael. 13, 44: scaena rei totius haec, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3: fugam in se nemo convertitur Nec recedit loco, quin statim rem gerat,does his duty, stands his ground,Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84; so, res gerere, v. gero; hence, too, rerum scriptor, for a historian, v. scriptor, and cf. II. H. infra.
* With adj. of quality, to express condition, etc.: illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit,is bringing a bad business on himself,Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171; so, res mala,a wretched condition,Sall. C. 20, 13; and more freq. in plur.: bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas,circumstances, condition,Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12: res secundae,good fortune,Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30; cf. Liv. 3, 9: res prosperae,Nep. Dion, 6, 1; id. Eum. 5, 1: in secundissimis rebus,Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91: adversae res,id. ib. 1, 26, 90; Hor. S. 2, 2, 136; 2, 8, 73: res belli adversae,Liv. 10, 6: res dubiae,Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 7, 30; v. bonus, florens, salvus, adversus, dubius, novus, arduus, etc.— Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem,go to the bad,Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37; id. And. 2, 1, 17: malam rem hinc ibis?id. Eun. 3, 3, 30.
* In partic.
* With pronouns or adjectives, as an emphatic periphrase for the neutr.: ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit,this now,Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16; cf.: De. Estne hoc, ut dico? Li. Rectam instas viam: Ea res est,it is even so,id. As. 1, 1, 40: de fratre confido ita esse ut semper volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei,of it,Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5: quos (μελιττῶνας) alii μελιττοτροφεῖα appellant, eandem rem quidam mellaria. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12: sunt ex te quae scitari volo, Quarum rerum, etc.,Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13; cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 4: quibus de rebus quoniam nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti,Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13: quā super re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem,every thing, all,Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30: nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat cito,nothing,id. Am. 2, 2, 96; cf.: neque est ulla res, in quā, etc.,Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9; cf. also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, quod ad valetudinem opus sit,id. Fam. 16, 4, 2: magna res principio statim bello,a great thing, a great advantage,Liv. 31, 23 fin.: nil admirari prope res est una Solaque, quae, etc.,the only thing, only means,Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep. — Emphatically with sup.: scilicet rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma,the most beautiful thing in the world,Verg. G. 2, 534; Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81. — Of persons, etc.: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt,Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17: maxime rerum,Ov. H. 9, 107; cf.: maxima rerum Roma,Verg. A. 7, 602; Ov. M. 13, 508: fortissima rerum animalia,id. ib. 12, 502: pulcherrime rerum,id. H. 4, 125; id. A. A. 1, 213; id. M. 8, 49: dulcissime rerum,Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.
* A case in law, a lawsuit, cause, suit (more gen. than causa): ubi res prolatae sunt,Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10: res agi,id. Men. 4, 2, 19; id. Aul. 3, 4, 13: quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis,Varr. L. L. 7, § 93; cf. (prob. in allusion to this legal form): tot homines ... statuere non potuisse, utrum diem tertium an perendinum ... rem an litem dici oporteret,Cic. Mur. 12, 27; cf. also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, etc., an ancient formula,Liv. 1, 32: de rebus ab aliquo cognitis judicatisque dicere,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118: pecunias capere ob rem judicandam,id. Fin. 2, 16, 54: si res certabitur olim,Hor. S. 2, 5, 27; 1, 10, 15; 1, 9, 41; id. Ep. 1, 16, 43: tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat,Dig. 3, 3, 12: rem differre,ib. 43, 30, 3: res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit, ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.
* An affair, esp. a battle, campaign, military operations; in phrase rem (or res) gerere: res gesta virtute,Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66: ut res gesta est ordine narrare,Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3: his rebus gestis,Caes. B. G. 5, 8: res gerere,Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33: rem bene gerere,id. ib. 1, 8, 1; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13: comminus rem gerunt,Caes. B. G. 5, 44: res gestae,Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7; 2, 1, 251: adversus duos simul rem gerere,Liv. 21, 60: rem male gerere,Nep. Them. 3, 3; Hor. S. 2, 3, 74: in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum,Just. 2, 1, 1; cf.: rem agere,Hor. S. 1, 9, 4; id. A. P. 82: ante rem,before the battle,Liv. 4, 40: cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant,Nep. Pel. 1, 3; Cic. Sest. 16, 37.
* Acts, events, as the subject of narration, a story, history: res in unam sententiam scripta,Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20: cui lecta potenter erit res,Hor. A. P. 40; id. S. 1, 10, 57; id. Ep. 1, 19, 29: in medias res auditorem rapere,id. A. P. 148; 310: agitur res in scaenis,id. ib. 179; cf.: numeros animosque secutus, non res,id. Ep. 1, 19, 25; Phaedr. 5, 1, 12: sicut in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus,Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199: litterae, quibus non modo res omnis, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1: res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae,history,Nep. Con. 5, 4; id. Cat. 3, 2.
* Res publica, also as one word, respublica, the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic (cf. civitas); also, civil affairs, administration, or power, etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, Cato ap. Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.: erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare,Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3: dummodo ista privata sit calamitas et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur,id. Cat. 1, 9; cf.: si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā,id. Fam. 4, 9, 4: egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere,id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. publicus); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam fore, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45: quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent,Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155: commutata ratio est rei totius publicae,id. Att. 1, 8, 4: pro republicā niti, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 fin.: merere de republicā,Plaut. Am. prol. 40: de re publicā disputatio . . . dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc.,Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12: oppugnare rem publicam,id. Cael. 1, 1; id. Har. Resp. 8, 15; id. Sest. 23, 52: paene victā re publicā,id. Fam. 12, 13, 1: delere rem publicam,id. Sest. 15, 33; Lact. 6, 18, 28.—Esp. in the phrase e re publicā, for the good of the State, for the public benefit: senatūs consultis bene et e re publicā factis,Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30: ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi,id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; id. Mil. 5, 14; Liv. 8, 4, 12; 25, 7, 4; 34, 34, 9; Suet. Rhet. 1 init.—Post-class. and rare, also ex republicā, Gell. 6, 3, 47; 11, 9, 1; but exque is used for euphony (class.): id eum recte atque ordine exque re publicā fecisse,Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36; 10, 11, 26.— In plur.: eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum,Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44: circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum,id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.
* Benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal: res magis quaeritur, quam, etc.,Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6: melius illi consulas quam rei tuae,id. Cist. 1, 1, 98: haec tuā re feceris,to your advantage,id. Capt. 2, 2, 46.— Most freq. with the prepositions in, ex, ob, ab, etc.: quasi istic minor mea res agatur quam tua,is interested, affected,Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. ago): si in rem tuam esse videatur,Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2: vide si hoc in rem deputas,id. ib. 3, 3, 19: quod in rem recte conducat tuam,id. Capt. 2, 3, 26: si in remst utrique,Ter. And. 3, 3, 14: quid mihi melius est, quid magis in rem est, quam? etc.,useful,Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1: tamen in rem fore credens universos adpellare,Sall. C. 20, 1: omnia quae in rem videbantur esse,Curt. 6, 2, 21: ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant,Liv. 30, 4, 6: imperat quae in rem sunt,id. 26, 44, 7; 22, 3, 2: ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar,for your advantage,Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102: An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, with advantage, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere, usefully, with advantage or profit, Sall. J. 31, 5: subdole blanditur, ab re Consulit blandiloquentulus, contrary to his interest, i. e. to his injury, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.: haud id est ab re aucupis,id. As. 1, 3, 71: haec haud ab re duxi referre,Liv. 8, 11, 1: non ab re esse Quinctio visum est interesse, etc.,id. 35, 32, 6; Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57; Suet. Aug. 94; Gell. 18, 4, 6; 1, 26, 4; Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.
* Res novae, political changes, a revolution, etc.; v. novus.
* An affair, matter of business, business: cum et de societate inter se multa communicarent et de totā illā ratione atque re Gallicanā,Cic. Quint. 4, 15: rem cum aliquo transigere,id. Clu. 13, 39. — Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum aliquo,to have to do with any one,Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Sest. 16, 37; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.: famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo,Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.— Also without a dat.: quoniam cum senatore res est,Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3; esp., in mal. part.: rem habere cum aliquo or aliquā,to have to do with any one,Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39; 58. —Ellipt.: jam biennium est, quom mecum rem coepit,Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15.
* Sometimes simply res, the State (in the poets, and since the Aug. per. in prose): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.): hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam sistet,Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.: nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse,Liv. 21, 16; 1, 28: parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt,id. 6, 41 fin.: Romana,Hor. C. S. 66; id. Ep. 1, 12, 25; Ov. M. 14, 809; Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.: ut paulo ante animum inter Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti,Liv. 1, 28 fin.: Albana,id. 1, 6.— In plur.: res Asiae evertere,Verg. A. 3, 1: custode rerum Caesare,Hor. C. 4, 15, 17; cf.: res sine discordiā translatae,Tac. H. 1, 29; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. potior.