(adv.adv.adj.) : prŏpĭor, ĭus
* Gen. ōris, adj. comp., and proxĭmus, a, um, adj. sup. (v. below, II.) [from the obsol. propis; whence prope].
* Comp., nearer, nigher.
* Lit., of place: portus propior,Verg. A. 3, 530: tumulus,Liv. 22, 24: ut propior patriae sit fuga nostra,Ov. P. 1, 2, 130: domus,Sall. H. 2, 40 Dietsch: cum propior caliginis aër Ater init oculos,Lucr. 4, 338 (314).—With acc.: propior montem suos collocat,Sall. J. 49, 1: propior hostem,Hirt. B. G. 8, 9.—With ab: quisquis ab igne propior stetit,Sen. Ep. 74, 4.—With inf.: propior timeri,Stat. Th. 12, 223.—Neutr. plur, subst.: prŏpĭōra, um, places lying near: propiora fluminis,Tac. H. 5, 16: tenere,Verg. A. 5, 168.
* Sup.: proxĭmus (PROXVMVS and PROXSVMEIS, Tab. Bant.; late comp. proximior, Sen. Ep. 108, 16; Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.; v. below, B. 2. and 3.; cf. in adv. 2. c.), a, um, adj., the nearest, next (class.).
* Of time, nearer, later, more recent: veniunt inde ad propiora,Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116: venio ad propiorem (epistulam),id. Att. 15, 3, 2: propior puero quam juveni,Vell. 2, 53, 1: septimus octavo jam propior annus,Hor. S. 2, 6, 40; id. C. 3, 15, 4: mors,Tib. 2, 3, 42: propiore aut longiore tempore aliquid facere,Dig. 23, 4, 17.
* Lit.
* Of resemblance, more nearly resembling, more like (class.); with dat.: quae sceleri propiora sunt, quam religioni,Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112: tauro,Verg. G. 3, 57: vero est propius,more probable,Liv. 4, 37; Ov. F. 4, 801; Tac. A. 13, 34; id. G. 45: scribere Sermoni propiora,Hor. S. 1, 4, 42.—With acc. (not in Cic.): propius est fidem,is more credible,Liv. 4, 17: quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat,Sall. C. 11, 1.
* Trop.: ut propius ad ea accedam, quae a te dicta sunt,Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24; Sen. Ira, 3, 42, 4; Cic. Part. 36, 124: propius accedo: nego esse illa testimonia,id. Fl. 10, 23: a contumeliā quam a laude propius fuerit post Vitellium eligi,Tac. H. 2, 76: nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequeretur,he was within an ace of following him,Cic. Clu. 21, 59; so, propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur,id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15.
* Absol.: propius accedamus,Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 11; Ov. M. 2, 41: res adspicere,Verg. A. 1, 526: propius spectare aliquid,Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 67; stare,id. A. P. 361.
* With dat., nearer to: propius grammatico accessi, Cic. ap. Diom. p. 405 P. (not elsewhere in Cic.): propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis,Nep. Hann. 8, 3: propius stabulis armenta tenerent,Verg. G. 1, 355.
* With acc.: ne propius se castra moveret,Caes. B. G. 4, 9: pars insulae, quae est propius solis occasum,id. ib. 4, 28: propius aliquem accedere, id. ib. 5, 36: propius urbem,Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26: mare,Sall. J. 18, 9.
* With ab: propius a terris,Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87: antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius ea cernebat,id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26: ab Urbe,Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243.
* Lit., of place: proxima oppida,Caes. B. G. 3, 12: via,Lucr. 5, 103; cf.: via ad gloriam proxima et quasi compendiaria,Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43: ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent,Sall. J. 23, 2: in proximos collis discedunt,id. ib. 54, 10: proximum iter in Galliam,Caes. B. G. 1, 10: paries cum proximus ardet,Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84: agri termini,id. C. 2, 18, 23: proximus vicinus,one's nearest neighbor,Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 138; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 49; Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2; Dig. 50, 15, 4.—With dat.: Belgae proximi sunt Germanis,Caes. B. G. 1, 1: huic proximum inferiorem orbem tenet πυρόεις, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53: proxima Campano ponti villula,Hor. S. 1, 5, 45.—With acc. (not in Cic.): qui te proximus est,Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 1: ager proximus finem Megalopolitarum,Liv. 35, 27: Crassus proximus mare Oceanum hiemarat,Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2: qui proximi forte tribunal steterant,Liv. 8, 32, 12.—With ab, nearest to, next to: dactylus proximus a postremo,next before,Cic. Or. 64, 217: ut quisque proximus ab oppresso sit,Liv. 37, 25: proximus a dominā,Ov. A. A. 1, 139: proxima regio ab eā (urbe),Curt. 10, 5, 18. —Hence, as subst.
* Proxĭmus, i, m., a neighbor, a fellow-man, Val. Max. 6, 9 init.; Quint. Decl. 259.—As subst.
* Trop.
* Of time, the next preceding or following, the previous, last, the next, the following, ensuing: quid proximā, quid superiore nocte egeris,Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1: his proximis Nonis, cum in hortos Bruti venissemus,id. Lael. 2, 7: Gabinius quem proximis superioribus diebus acerrime oppugnasset,id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: se proximā nocte castra moturum, on the next, i.e. the following night, Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.; 2, 12; 3, 18; Liv. 2, 7, 1: proximo anno,Sall. J. 35, 2; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208: in proxumum annum (se) transtulit,Cic. Mil. 9, 24: proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus,id. Phil. 1, 13, 32: bello tanto majore quam proximo conatu apparatum est,Liv. 4, 23, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: IN DIEBVS V. PROXSVMEIS QVIBVS QVISQVE EORVM MAG (istratum) INIERIT, Tab. Bantin. lin. 14; so ib. lin. 12; Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; id. Att. 11, 11, 1: censor qui proximus ante me fuerat,id. Sen. 12, 42: die proximi, old abl. form for proximo, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10, and ap. Non. 153, 11; cf.: crastinus, pristinus, etc., but proximo a. d. VI. Kal. Octobr.,recently, last of all,Cic. Att. 18, 5.
* In order of succession, rank, estimation, worth, etc., the next: summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis: huic proxima incolumitatis: tertia ac levissima commoditatis,Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 173: observat L. Domitium maxime, me habet proximum,id. Att. 1, 1, 3: proximos dentes eiciunt,Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2: prima vulnera ... Proxima,Ov. M. 3, 233: proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores,Hor. C. 1, 12, 19: proximum est, ut, it follows that, remains that, the next point is: proximum est ergo, ut, opus fuerit classe necne quaeramus, we must next inquire, Cic. Fl. 12, 27: proximum est, ut doceam, deorum providentiā mundum administrari,id. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—Of value or quality, the next, most nearly approaching, most like or similar: id habendum est antiquissimum et deo proximum, quod est optimum,Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40: ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris,Hor. A. P. 338: proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit,Verg. E. 7, 22.—Comp.: ut quorum abstinentiam interrupi, modum servem et quidem abstinentiae proximiorem,Sen. Ep. 108, 16.
* In relationship, connection, or resemblance, the nearest, next, most nearly or closely related, next of kin, most like: AGNATVS PROXIMVS, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: hic illi genere est proximus,Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 17: proximus cognatione,Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144: id des proximum,id. Leg. 2, 16, 40: proxima virtutibus vitia,Quint. 10, 2, 16: propinquitate,Nep. Ages. 1, 3: proximae necessitudines,Petr. 116.— Comp.: si quis proximior cognatus nasceretur, Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.—Subst.: proxĭmi, ōrum, m., one's nearest relatives, next of kin: injuriosi sunt in proximos,Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 6; Phaedr. 5, 1, 16: cum haec omnia cumulate tuis proximis plana fecero,i.e. to your friends, intimates,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 165; id. Pis. 32, 79; Gell. 3, 8, 3.
* In gen., one's neighbor, fellow-man: sive nostros status, sive proximorum ingenia contemplamur,Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; Quint. Decl. 2, 59: quis est mihi proximus?Aug. in Psa. 118; Serm. 8, 2; 90, 7 init.
* That is nearest at hand, i. e. apt, fit, suitable, convenient, easy (anteand post-class.): argumentum,App. Mag. p. 278: cum obvium proximumque esset dicere, etc.,Gell. 3, 14, 12: eamus ad me; ibi proximum est, ubi mutes,there is the fittest, most convenient place,Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64.—Adv.: proxĭmē (proxume; comp. proximius, v. below, 2. c.), nearest, very near, next.
* Lit., of place, with dat. (not in Cic., rare in Livy): quam proxime potest hostium castris castra communit,Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.; Liv. 25, 14, 4.—With acc.: exercitum habere quam proxime hostem,Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3: proxime Pompeium sedebam,id. ib. 1, 14, 3: proxime Hispaniam Mauri sunt,Sall. J. 19, 4.—With ab: a Surā proxime est Philiscum oppidum Parthorum,Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 89: omnes tamen quam proxime alter ab altero debent habitare,Col. 1, 6, 8.
* Trop.
* Of time, shortly before or after, last, next: civitates quae proxime bellum fecerant,Caes. B. G. 3, 29: Tito fratre suo censore, qui proximus ante me fuerat,Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Part. 39, 137; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3: cum proxime judices contrahentur,id. ib. 5, 7, 3.—With acc.: proxime abstinentiam sumendus est cibus exiguus,Cels. 3, 2: proxime solis occasum,Pall. 9, 8, 5.
* Of order, rank, estimation, condition, etc., next to, next after, next: proxime et secundum deos homines hominibus maxime utiles esse possunt,Cic. Off. 2, 3, 1: me huic tuae virtuti proxime accedere,id. Fam. 11, 21, 4: proxime a nobilissimis viris,Vell. 2, 124, 4; id. 2, 127, 1: proxime valent cetera lauri genera,Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 158: utilissimum esse omphacium; proxime viride,id. 23, 4, 39, § 79.—With acc.: esse etiam debent proxime hos cari, qui, etc., Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 2: proxime morem Romanum,closely following the Roman method,Liv. 24, 48, 11: erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium,closely resembling,id. 30, 10.—In this sense also with atque: proxime atque ille aut aeque,nearly the same as he,Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 2.
* Very closely, nicely, accurately: ut proxime utriusque differentiam signem,Quint. 6, 2, 20 Spald.; cf.: analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,id. 1, 6, 3. —Comp.: nonne apertius, proximius, verius?Min. Fel. Oct. 19.

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