(preposition) : pĕnĕs, with acc. [from the root pa- of pasco, v. Penates]
* With, in the possession or power of; connected only with names of persons, and freq. foll. its case (class.).
* Chiefly to denote possession: virtus omnia in se habet; omnia assunt bona, quem penes est virtus,Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 21; id. Capt. 2, 1, 37; cf. id. Truc. 5, 9: agri, quorum penes Cn. Pompeium omne judicium et potestas debet esse,Cic. Agr. 2, 19, 52; cf.: penes quem est potestas,id. Fam. 4, 7, 3: eloquentia non modo eos ornat, penes quos est, sed, etc.,id. Or. 41, 142; id. Brut. 74, 258: quod penes eos summam victoriae constare intellegebant,Caes. B. G. 7, 21 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 87: si volet usus, Quem penes arbitrium est et jus et norma loquendi,Hor. A. P. 72: me penes est unum vasti custodia mundi, Ov. F. 1, 119. —So, penes se esse, have control of one's self (ἐν ἑαυτῷ εἶναι): penes te es?Hor. S. 2, 3, 273 (for which: apud se esse,Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 48).
* Transf., with, in, in the presence or power of, in the house of, without the notion of possession: sine dote, cum ejus rem penes me habeam domi,Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 5: thesaurum tuum Me esse penes,id. ib. 5, 2, 22; id. Truc. 1, 1, 4; id. Aul. 4, 4, 27: isthaec jam penes vos psaltria'st?Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 34: hi (servi) centum dies penes accusatorem cum fuissent,Cic. Mil. 22, 60; Caes. B. C. 1, 76, 4: si penes servum tabulae fuerint,Dig. 43, 5, 3: penes regem, noli velle videri sapiens,Vulg. Ecclus. 7, 5: mentis causa malae est penes te,Juv. 14, 226.—Rarely with an abstract object: plures ejus rei causas afferebat, potissimam penes incuriam virorum feminarumque, the principal (cause) consisted in the indifference, etc., Tac. A. 4, 16.

s. TLL