(adverb) : nĕ-que or nec (used indifferently before vowels and consonants. The notion that nec in class. prose stands only before consonants is wholly unfounded. Ap. Cic. in the Rep. alone we find nec nineteen times before vowels; viz.: nec accipere, 3, 13, 23: nec alios, 2, 37, 62: nec enim, 1, 24, 38; 6, 25, 27: nec esset, 5, 5, 7: nec ex se, 6, 24, 27:
* Nec id, 1, 1, 1: nec inportatis, 2, 15, 29: nec in, 6, 23, 25: nec inconstantiam, 3, 11, 18: nec injussu, 6, 15, 15: nec ipsius, 1, 26, 41: nec ipsum, 6, 24, 27: nec ulla, 1, 34, 51: nec ullo, 1, 37, 58: nec una, 2, 1, 2: nec hic, 3, 33, 45: nec hominis, 2, 21, 37: nec hunc, 6, 25, 29. Cf. also such passages as neque reliquarum virtutum, nec ipsius rei publicae,Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41: dabo tibi testes nec nimis antiquos nec ullo modo barbaros,id. ib. 1, 37, 58: nec atrocius ... neque apertius,id. Tull. 1, 2: nec homo occidi nec consulto, etc.,id. ib. 14, 34. The true distinction is, that in the form nec the negation is more prominent; in the form neque, the connective force of the particle; cf. Hand, Turs. 4, p. 94 sq.), and conj. [ne-que], not; and not, also not.
* Adv., like ne, in ante-class. Latinity (v. ne, I.) as a general negative particle, = non, not (usually in the form nec. In class. Lat. this usage seems to be confined to certain formulae, as nec opinans, nec procul abesse, nec mancipi, etc.; v.infra): nec conjunctionem grammatici fere dicunt esse disjunctivam, ut: nec legit, nec scribit: cum si diligentius inspiciatur, ut fecit Sinnius Capito, intellegi possit, eam positam esse ab antiquis pro non, ut et in XII. est: AST EI CVSTOS NEC ESCIT, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.: SI INTESTATO MORITVR, CVI SVVS HERES NEC SIT, etc., Lex XII. Tab. (v. App. III. tab. 5): SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, etc., ib.: magistratus nec obedientem civem coërceto,Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6: senatori, qui nec aderit, culpa esto,id. ib. 3, 4, 11: bruti nec satis sardare queunt,Naev. 1, 4; 1, 7: tu dis nec recte dicis: non aequum facis,Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 11: nec recte,id. As. 1, 3, 3; 2, 4, 65; id. Most. 1, 3, 83; Cat. 30, 4: alter, qui nec procul aberat,Liv. 1, 25, 10: nec ullus = nullus: cui Parcae tribuere nec ullo vulnere laedi,Verg. Cir. 269: differentia mancipi rerum et nec mancipi,Gai. Inst. 2, 18 sq. —Form neque: si quid tibi in illisce suovitaurilibus lactentibus neque satisfactum est, etc., an old formula of prayer in Cato, R. R. 141, 4: neque opinantes insidiatores, Auct. B. Afr. 66; Auct. B. Alex. 75.
* Conj., in all periods and kinds of composition.
* In gen., = et non, and not, also not.
* Alone.
* In partic.
* So, nec ullus, nec quisquam, for et nullus, et nemo, etc.: nec ullo Gallorum ibi viro, etc.,Liv. 38, 25, 3; Tac. Agr. 16: nec quidquam magis quam ille, etc.,Curt. 4, 2, 8.
* Neque = et ne or neve.
* Nec = ne ... quidem, not even (in Liv. and later writers; in Cic. dub. since B. and K. read ne ... quidem,Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7; id. Tusc. 1, 26, 65; id. Cat. 2, 4, 8; cf. Hand, Turs. 4, 105 sqq.): ne quid ex antiquo praeter sonum linguae, nec eum incorruptum, retinerent,Liv. 5, 33, 11: Maharbal nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,id. 23, 18, 4: nec nos,id. 3, 52, 9; 34, 32, 9; 37, 20, 8; 38, 23, 3; 40, 20, 6: non spes modo, sed nec dilatio,Just. 11, 8, 4: tam pauper, quam nec miserabilis Irus,Mart. 6, 77, 1; 5, 70, 6: Juv. 2, 151: interrogatus, an facta hominum deos fallerent, nec cogitata, inquit,Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 8; Tac. G. 6: nec ipse,Suet. Claud. 46; Flor. 1, 15, 3; Lact. 5, 13, 12; Amm. 14, 10, 3.
* In contrasts, but not, not however (class.): ubi aetas tantum modo quaestui neque luxuriae modum fecerat,Sall. C. 24, 3: gloriosa modo neque belli patrandi,id. J. 88, 4: consulatus sine ulla patrum injuriā, nec sine offensione fuit,Liv. 3, 55, 1: oppida oppugnata nec obsessa sunt,id. 5, 12, 5; Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9; Quint. 8, 6, 74; Tac. Agr. 8.
* Neque (nec) ... neque (nec), neither ... nor: quae neque Dardaniis campis potuere perire, Nec cum capta capi, nec cum combusta cremari, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 360 Vahl.): nam certe neque tum peccavi, cum ... neque cum, etc.,Cic. Att. 8, 12, 2: nec meliores nec beatiores,id. Rep. 1, 19, 32: mors nec ad vivos pertineat nec ad mortuos,id. Tusc. 1, 38, 91: virtus nec eripi nec surripi potest umquam: neque naufragio neque incendio amittitur,id. Par. 6, 3, 51: neque ego neque Caesar, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1; cf.: haec si neque ego neque tu fecimus,Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 23; so, non ... nec ... neque ... neque: perspicuum est, non omni caussae, nec auditori neque personae neque tempori congruere orationis unum genus,Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 210.—The second nec is rarely placed after a word in the clause (poet.): nec deus hunc mensā, dea nec dignata cubili est,Verg. E. 4, 63; id. A. 4, 365; 696: sed nec Brutus erit, Bruti nec avunculus usquam,Juv. 14, 43.—With a preceding negative, which, however, does not destroy the negation contained in neque ... neque: non mediusfidius prae lacrimis possum reliqua nec cogitare nec scribere,Cic. Att. 9, 12, 1: ut omnes intellegant, nihil me nec subterfugere voluisse reticendo nec obscurare dicendo,id. Clu. 1, 1: nulla vitae pars neque publicis neque privatis, neque forensibus neque domesticis, neque si tecum agas, neque si cum altero contrahas vacare officio potest,id. Off. 1, 2, 4: nemo umquam neque poëta neque orator fuit, qui, etc.,id. Att. 14, 20, 3; 8, 1, 3; Liv. 38, 50, 11.
* Neque (nec) ... et (que), and et ... neque (nec), when one clause is affirmative, on the one hand not ... and on the other hand; not only not ... but also; or the contrary, on the one hand ... and on the other hand not; not only ... but also not.
* Neque (nec) ... et (que): id neque amoris mediocris et ingenii summi et sapientiae judico,Cic. Att. 1, 20, 1: animal nullum inveniri potest, quod neque natum umquam sit, et semper sit futurum,id. N. D. 3, 13, 32; id. Off. 2, 12, 43; id. Brut. 58, 198; Caes. B. G. 4, 1; Tac. A. 3, 35: ex quo intellegitur nec intemperantiam propter se fugiendam esse temperantiamque expetendam,Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 48: perficiam, ut neque bonus quisquam intereat, paucorumque poenā vos omnes jam salvi esse possitis,id. Cat. 2, 13, 28: sed nec illa exstincta sunt, alunturque potius et augentur cogitatione et memoriā,id. Lael. 27, 104; Ov. M. 2, 42; 811.
* Neque (nec) non (also in one word, necnon), emphatically affirmative, and also, and besides, and indeed, and: nec haec non deminuitur scientia,Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 4: neque meam mentem non domum saepe revocat exanimata uxor,Cic. Cat. 4, 2, 3: nec vero non eadem ira deorum hanc ejus satellitibus injecit amentiam,id. Mil. 32, 86: nec vero Aristoteles non laudandus in eo, quod, etc.,id. N. D. 2, 16, 44: neque tamen illa non ornant, habiti honores, etc., id. de Or. 2, 85, 347: neque tristius dicere quicquam debeo hac de re, neque non me tamen mordet aliquid,id. Fam. 3, 12, 2: nec non et sterilis, etc.,Verg. G. 2, 53; id. A. 8, 461; Suet. Tit. 5.
* In Varro and after the Aug. per., nec non (or as one word, necnon) freq. as a simple conjunction = et, and, and likewise, and so too, and also: ibi vidi greges magnos anserum, gallinarum, gruum, pavonum, necnon glirium, etc.,Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 14; Col. 8, 15, 6: nec non et Tyrii per limina laeta frequentes Convenere,Verg. A. 1, 707; Plin. 13, 22, 38, § 118: nec non etiam poëmata faciebat ex tempore,Suet. Gram. 23: nec non et ante,Vulg. 2 Reg. 23, 13: nec non et quasi,id. 2 Par. 3, 16.
* Neque (nec) dum (also in one word, necdum), and not yet, not yet: ille autem quid agat, si scis neque dum Romā es profectus, scribas ad me velim,Cic. Att. 14, 10, 4; Cels. 5, 26, n. 33; Suet. Aug. 10; Juv. 11, 66: necdum tamen ego Quintum conveneram,Cic. Att. 6, 3, 2: necdum etiam audierant inflari classica, necdum Impositos duris crepitare incudibus enses,Verg. G. 2, 539; id. A. 11, 70.—Strengthened by tamen: philosophi summi, neque dum tamen sapientiam consecuti, nonne intellegunt in summo se malo esse?Cic. Tusc. 3, 28, 68; id. Att. 6, 3, 3: et necdum (post-Aug.),and not yet,Plin. Pan. 14, 1.
* Nec ... quidem; v. quidem.
* Expressing negative purpose.
* After ut (class.): ut ea, quae regie statuit in aratores, praetermittam neque eos appellem, a quibus, etc.,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 115: hortemur liberos nostros, ut animo rei magnitudinem complectantur, neque eis praeceptis quibus utuntur omnes, ut consequi posse confidant, etc.,id. de Or. 1, 5, 19: peterent ut dediticiis suis parcerent, neque in eum agrum arma inferrent,Liv. 7, 31, 4; 1, 2, 4; 3, 52, 11; 27, 20, 12.
* In a prohibition (rare): nec id mirati sitis, priusquam, etc.,Liv. 5, 53, 3: nec a me nunc quisquam quaesiverit, quid, etc.,id. 9, 9, 9: nec quicquam raptim aut forte temere egeritis,id. 23, 5, 3.