ipse (ipsus, Cato, R. R. 70; 71; Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 43; id. Trin. 2, 2, 40; 3, 1, 10 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 15; id. Eun. 3, 4, 8, id. Hec. 3, 5, 5; Jusjur. Milit. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4 al.), a, um (ipsud, Gloss. Philox.);
* Gen. ipsīus (poet. also ipsĭus, Cat. 64, 43; Verg. A. 1, 114; 2, 772 al.; and dissyl. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 15; id. Phorm. 4, 5, 13: ipsi, Afran. ap. Prisc. 694); dat. ipsi (ipso, App. M. 10, p. 243, 24); pron. demonstr. [is - pse for pte; cf. sua-pte and -pote in ut-pote; root in potis; Sanscr. patis, lord, master; hence, = he, the master, himself, etc.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 866 sq.; Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 116. Hence, in the original form, the pronoun is was declined, while the suffix was unchanged; thus eopte = eo ipso, Paul. ex Fest. p. 110: eapse = ea ipsa,id. p. 77; nom. sing. eapse, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 4; id. Cist. 1, 2, 17; id. Rud. 2, 3, 80; 2, 5, 21 al.; acc. eumpse, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32: eampse,Plaut. Aul. 5, 7; id. Cist. 1, 3, 22; id. Men. 5, 2, 22 al.; abl. eopse, Plaut. Curc, 4, 3, 6: eāpse,id. Trin. 4, 2, 132; id. Curc. 4, 3, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 197 sq.], = αὐτός, self, in person, he (emphatic), himself, herself, itself, used both substantively and adjectively, to denote that person (thing) of which something is eminently or exclusively predicated.
* In gen.
* With substt. or pronn.
* Esp.
* Alone, emphatically taking the place of an omitted person. or demonstr. pron.: Ar. Ubi is nunc est? He. Ubi ego minume atque ipsus se volt maxume, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 1, 10: Su. Is ipsusne's? Ch. Aio: Su. Ipsus es? id. Trin. 4, 2, 146: atque ipsis, ad quorum commodum pertinebat, durior inventus est Coelius,Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4: quaeram ex ipsā,Cic. Cael. 14: tempus, quo ipse eos sustulisset, ad id ipsum congruere,Liv. 1, 5, 5: agrum dare immunem ipsi, qui accepisset, liberisque,id. 21, 45, 5; 9, 34, 18; 10, 6, 10: laeta et ipsis qui rem gessere expugnatio fuit,id. 28, 4, 1: a nobis exposita, ut ab ipsis, qui eam disciplinam probant,Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13.—So freq. in Cic. before a rel.: ut de ipso, qui judicarit, judicium fieri videretur,Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 82: ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, ad nos deferunt,id. de Or. 1, 58, 250; 2, 14, 60; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93: nullis definitionibus utuntur, ipsique dicunt ea se modo probare, quibus natura tacita assentiatur,Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40 Madv.
* In reflexive uses
* Ipse alone: litterae Metello Capuam adlatae sunt a Clodia, quae ipsa transiit,i. e. also, in person,Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3: Italiam ornare quam domum suam maluit: quamquam Italia ornata domus ipsa mihi videtur ornatior,id. Off. 2, 22, 76: tris ipse excitavit recitatores,he too,id. Clu. 51, 141: neque tanti timoris sum ut ipse deficiam,Caes. B. C. 2, 31, 8: Jugurtha, tametsi regem ficta locutum intellegebat, et ipse longe aliter animo agitabat,Sall. J. 11, 1: hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque juventus Laeta facit,Verg. A. 2, 394.
* With conjunctions.
* With etiam (class.): ipse etiam Fufidius in numero fuit,Cic. Brut. 29, 112: scribebat orationes quas alii dicerent: quamquam is etiam ipse scripsit eas, quibus pro se est usus, sed non sine Aelio; his enim scriptis etiam ipse interfui,id. ib. 56, 206 sq.
* With quoque: quippe quia plebs senatus consultum solvit, ipsi quoque solutum vultis,Liv. 3, 21, 4: consul, quia collegae decretum triumphum audivit, ipse quoque triumphi flagitator Romam rediit,id. 8, 12, 9: cum subito Sulpicius et Albinovanus objecissent catervas, ipse quoque (Sulla) jaculatus, etc.,Flor. 3, 21, 7.
* With et (et ipse = καὶ αὐτός, ipse etiam; rare in Cic.; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 698): tamen et ipsi tuae familiae genere et nomine continebuntur,Cic. Caecin. 20, 58: deseret eos quos una scis esse, cum habeat praesertim et ipse cohortis triginta?id. Att. 8, 7, 1; id. de Or. 1, 46, 202: Cornelius dictatorem Aemilium dixit, et ipse ab eo magister equitum est dictus,Liv. 4, 31, 5: credo ego vos, socii, et ipsos cernere,id. 21, 21, 3: Cornelio minus copiarum datum, quia L. Manlius praetor et ipse cum praesidio in Galliam mittebatur,id. 21, 17, 7: qui et ipse crus fregerat,Suet. Aug. 43: Antoninus Commodus nihil paternum habuit, nisi quod contra Germanos feliciter et ipse pugnavit,Eutr. 8, 7: virtutes et ipsae taedium pariunt,Quint. 9, 4, 43.
* With nec ( = ne ipse quidem): primis repulsis Maharbal cum majore robore virorum missus nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,Liv. 23, 18, 4: nihil moveri viderunt, nec ipsi quicquam mutarunt,id. 37, 20, 8: neque ipsi,id. 30, 42, 7: crimina non quidem nec ipsa mediocria; sed quid ista sunt prae iis, etc.,id. 34, 32, 9.
* By way of eminence, ipse is used to indicate the chief person, host, master, teacher, etc.: ipsa, the mistress, etc.: ipsus tristis,Ter. And. 2, 2, 23: ipsum praesto video,id. ib. 2, 5, 3: ego eo quo me ipsa misit,Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 10: suam norat ipsam tam bene, quam puella matrem,Cat. 3, 7 (Müll., ipsa); cf.: Pythagorei respondere solebant, ipse dixit,i. e. Pythagoras,Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 10; cf.: nec hoc oratori contingere inter adversarios quod Pythagorae inter discipulos potest ipse dixit,Quint. 11, 1, 27: cum veniat lectica Mathonis plena ipso,the great man,Juv. 1, 33: anseris ante ipsum jecur,before the host,id. 5, 114.
* Of or by one's self, of one's own accord = suā sponte, ultro: videar non ipse promisisse (opp. to fortuito),Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111: de manibus delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,id. Off. 1, 22, 77: valvae clausae se ipsae aperuerunt,id. Div. 1, 37, 74: ipsae lacte domum referent distenta capellae Ubera,Verg. E. 4, 21: ipsi potum venient juvenci,id. ib. 7, 11; cf.: aliae ipsae Sponte sua veniunt,id. G. 2, 10: fruges sponte sua (tellus) primum ipsa creavit,Lucr. 2, 11, 58; and αὐταί for αὐτόματοι, Theocr. Idyll. 11, 12.
* Himself exclusively.
* By or in one's self, alone: haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat,Verg. A. 6, 185: his actis, aliud genitor secum ipse volutat,id. ib. 12, 843: tempus secum ipsa Exigit, id. ib. 4, 475: quam facile exercitu soclos conservaturus sit, qui ipso nomine ac rumore defenderit,Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 45: multa secum ipse volvens,Sall. C. 32, 1: aestimando ipse secum,Liv. 25, 23, 11.
* With advv. of time.
* Of one's self, of one's own nature, etc.: erat ipse immani acerbāque naturā Oppianicus,Cic. Clu. 15, 44: duo imperatores, ipsi pares, ceterum opibus disparibus,Sall. J. 52, 1: natura serpentium, ipsa perniciosa, siti accenditur,id. ib. 89, 5.
* With numerals, just, exactly, precisely (opp. fere): triginta dies erant ipsi, cum, etc.,Cic. Att. 3, 21 init.: ipsas undecim esse legiones,id. Fam. 6, 18, 2: nam cum dixisset minus I?*! (sc. milia), populus cum risu acclamavit, ipsa esse,id. Caecin. 10, 28; cf. id. Brut. 15, 61; 43, 162: ipso vigesimo anno,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 9, § 25.
* Tum ipsum, just then, at that very time: id, quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124: ratio largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum ad facultates accommodanda est,id. Off. 2, 17, 60: et tum ipsum, cum immolare velis, extorum fieri mutatio potest,id. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv.
* Ipse strengthens the subject when opposed in thought to other agents; the object, when opposed to other objects; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696; Kennedy, Gram. § 67, 3; Madv. Gram. § 487, 6. — Hence
* With subject.
* In gen.: non egeo medicina (i. e. ut alii me consolentur), me ipse consolor,Cic. Lael. 3, 10: Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit,id. N. D. 2, 3, 7: neque potest exercitum is continere imperator, qui se ipse non continet,id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 38: Artaxerxes se ipse reprehendit,Nep. Dat. 5: ipsa se virtus satis ostendit,Sall. J. 85; cf.: deponendo tutelam ipse in se unum omnium vires convertit,Liv. 24, 4, 9: deforme etiam est de se ipsum praedicare,Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137.
* Ipse defines the subject of a reflexive pronoun: natura movet infantem, sed tantum ut se ipse diligat (where ipse shows that se refers to infantem),Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 33: proinde consulant sibi ipsi; jubeant abire se,Just. 16, 4, 15: neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,Nep. Paus. 4: in portis murisque sibimet ipsos tecta coëgerat aedificare,Liv. 27, 3, 2 (cf. 1. a. supra).
* Ipse stands for the reflexive pronoun
* Where the person or thing referred to is to be emphatically distinguished from others (class.): cum omnes se expetendos putent, nec id ob aliam rem, sed propter ipsos, necesse est ejus etiam partes propter se expeti, etc.,Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46: quis umquam consul senatum ipsius decretis parere prohibuit?id. Sest. 14, 32: quos, quidquid ipsis expediat, facturos arbitrabimur,id. Fin. 2, 35, 117: qui negant se recusare, quo minus, ipsis mortuis, terrarum deflagratio consequatur,id. ib. 3, 19, 64: nec quid ipsius natura sit intellegit,id. ib. 5, 9, 24.
* Ipse stands in free constr. with abl. absol. as with finite verb (cf. also quisque; only freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): cum dies venit, causa ipse pro se dicta, quindecim milibus aeris damnatur,Liv. 4, 44, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.: Romani imperatores, junctis et ipsi exercitibus ... ad sedem hostium pervenere,id. 29, 2, 2: C. Popilius, dimissis et ipse Atticis navibus ... pergit,id. 45, 10, 2; cf.: Catilina et Autronius parabant consules interficere, ipsi fascibus conreptis Pisonem cum exercitu mittere,Sall. C. 18, 5: amisso et ipse Pacoro,Tac. G. 37; cf. also the emphatic use of ipse (like quisque) with abl. of gerund (freq. in Liv.): adsentando indignandoque et ipse,Liv. 40, 23, 1: cogendo ipse,id. 39, 49, 3: agendo ipse,id. 41, 24, 2: aestimando ipse secum,id. 25, 23, 11 et saep.?*! Ipse is very rarely strengthened by the suffix -met: ipsemet abiit,Plaut. Am. prol. 102: ipsimet nobis,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3: ipsemet profugiam,Sen. Ep. 117, 21; also Front. Aq. 74 ex conj.— Sup.: Com. Ergo ipsusne es? Charm. Ipsissumus, his own very self, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 146; cf. Gr. αὐτότατος, Aristoph. Plut. 83; so, ipsimus and ipsima, for dominus and domina (cf II. A. supra),Petr. 75, 11; and: ipsimi nostri,id. 63, 3 Büch. ex conj.
* In gen., for an emphatic se or sibi (mostly post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40): nam ipsis certum esse, etc.,Liv. 35, 46, 13: pravitas consulum discordiaque inter ipsos,id. 4, 26, 6: inexperta remedia haud injuria ipsis esse suspecta,Curt. 3, 5, 15: Graecis nuntiare jubet, ipsum quidem gratias agere, etc.,id. 3, 8, 7: dixit, ab illo deo ipsos genus ducere,id. 4, 2, 3: a quibus nec acceperunt injuriam nec accepisse ipsos existimant, Sen. de Ira, 2, 5, 1: intemperantiam in morbo suam experti parere ipsis vetant,id. ib. 3, 13, 5: sciunt ipsos omnia habere communia,id. Ep. 6, 3; 22, 10 et saep.; cf.: verum est etiam iis, qui aliquando futuri sint, esse propter ipsos consulendum,Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64.

s. TLL