LAT
dum
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Lewis Short
dum
* Conj. [for dium, acc. from dius; cf. diu, Corss. Ausspr. 2, 856], denotes the temporal relation of two actions to cach other
* As contemporaneous, or
* As in immediate succession, so that with the commencement of one action the other ceases.
* As contemporaneous.
* Without respect to the limits of the two actions, while, whilst, during the time in which.
* In immediate suceession, until, until that (with the subjunctive or the indicative, as the idea of aim or simply of time predominates; cf. e.g.: quid dicam, quantus amor bestiarum sit in educandis custodiendisque iis, quae procreaverunt, usque ad eum finem, dum possint se ipsa defendere?Cic. N. D. 2, 51 fin.: ea mansit in condicione atque pacto usque ad eum finem, dum judices rejecti sunt,Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 16; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 32; id. Eun. 1, 2, 126; Liv. 4, 21 fin.; 27, 42. Cicero generally, Caesar always employs the subjunctive).
* With respect to the temporal limit of both actions, i. q. tamdiu quam or usque eo, as long as, while.
* Esp., of duration in the present, now, yet.
* When the principal action is an immediate and sudden sequence of that described in the clause with dum, subito or repente is often used in the principal clause: dum tempus teritur, repente milites, etc.,Liv. 29, 9, 5: dum advenientes filia interrogat, repente in osculis, etc. Suet. Aug. 99: dum Appium orno, subito sum factus accusatoris ejus socer,Cic. Att. 6, 6, 1; Hirt. B. Afr. 61.
* When the actions are simply presented as contemporaneous, interea, jam or interea jam is often used in the principal clause: dum haec mecum reputo, accersitur lavatum interea virgo,Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 44; Cic. Quint. 6, 28: dum ea Romani parant, jam Saguntum oppugnabatur,Liv. 21, 7, 1; cf. also: dum ... interim,Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 8; id. Men. 1, 3, 31; Liv. 21, 47, 7 al.
* In combination with etiam primum, and esp. freq. with the negations non, nec, ne, haud, nihil, nullus, nemo, v. h vv.
* Colloq., as an enclitic with imperatives and interjections (by some separately written ades dum, abi dum, etc, but v. Ritschl, Opusc Phil p. 567 sq.), orig, acc of time, a moment, a second, a little Sosia adesdum, paucis te volo, Ter. And 1, 1, 2 abidum, id. Heaut. 2, 3, 8 circumspicedum, Plaut Trin. 1, 2, 109: dicdum,Ter. Hec 5, 3, 5 facitodum, id. Heaut 3, 2, 39 iteradum, Poëta ap. Cic. Att. 14, 14 jubedum, Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 7: manedum,id. Bacch. 4, 6, 24; Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 4: memoradum,Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 103: tacedum,id. Men. 2, 2, 73: tangedum,id. Rud. 3, 5, 5 al.: agedum (most freq.),id. Am. 2, 2, 151; 5, 1, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 1; 5, 1, 1 et saep. (for which, agidum, id. Trin. 2, 2, 89 Ritschl ad loc.); Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 27; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 69; id. Hec. 3, 1, 35; id. Phorm. 5, 3, 1; Cic. Sull. 26; Liv. 7, 9; 9, 16 al.; Cat. 63, 78; Stat. Th. 7, 126 al.: agitedum,Liv. 3, 62 Drak.; 5, 52; 7, 34 fin.: cedodum,Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 15: ehodum,id. And. 1, 2, 13; 2, 1, 24; 3, 5, 10; id. Eun. 2, 3, 68; also in Plaut. in enumerations: primumdum (= Gr. πρῶτον μέν), Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26; id. Most. 2, 1, 53; id. Trin. 1, 2, 61 al.
* Lit. (with indic. when the duration of the action in the principal clause is alone implied, except in the oratio obliqua).—In praes.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis, non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1 fin.; so Cic. Lael. 4, 14; id. de Sen. 23, 86; id. Fin. 3, 2, 9; Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin. al.—In fut.: quid illos opinamini animi habuisse atque habituros, dum vivent? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 13, 17; Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; Cic. Rosc. Am. 32 fin.; id. Leg. 1, 1, 2; Verg. A. 1, 607 sq. et saep.
* Subj., often, when the clause with dum expresses a desired end, or refers to an indefinite future: non tibi venit in mentem, Si, dum vivas, tibi bene facias, etc.,Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 76: pars, dum vires suppeterent, eruptionem censebant,Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 2: ut sua sponte, dum sine periculo liceret, excederet Gadibus,id. B. C. 2, 20, 3: hoc unum esse tempus de pace agendi, dum sibi uterque confideret ut pares ambo viderentur,id. ib. 3, 10, 7: de quo (sc. animo) dum disputarem, tuam mihi dari vellem, Cotta, eloquentiam,Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147 Bait. (v. Roby, Gram. 2, 284 sq.).
* Transf.
* In Plautus repeatedly with an emphatic quidem, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 57; 5, 2, 20; id. Bacch. 2, 2, 48; id. Merc. 2, 3, 53; id. Ps. 1, 5, 92.
* In conditional relations as a restrictive particle, like quatenus and duntaxat, so long as, if so be that, provided that, if only (so regularly connected with the subjunctive; freq. in prose and poetry): dum pereas, nihil interduo aiant vivere,Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 36: Ly. Concede, inspiciam quid sit scriptum. Cu. Maxime, Tuo arbitratu, dum auferam abs te id quod peto, id. Curc. 3, 58; cf.: dum res maneant, verba fingant arbitratu suo,Cic. Fin. 5, 29 fin.: oderint, dum metuant, Att. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 28, 97: licet lascivire, dum nihil metuas,Cic. Rep. 1, 40 et saep.; in the imperf.: qui sese in cruciatum dari cuperet, dum de patris morte quaereretur,id. Rosc. Am. 41, 119; Sall. C. 40, 4; id. J. 68, 3; Quint. 10, 1, 33: An. Non pudet vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41; so without a verb,Cic. Fam. 7, 9; id. Ac. 2, 32, 104; Quint. 4, 1, 70; 9, 4, 58; 10, 3, 5; cf.: dum eatenus,id. 1, 11, 1.
* With an emphatic modo, and often in one word, dummodo: aeque istuc facio dummodo Eam des, quae sit quaestuosa, etc.,Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 189; id. Aul. 2, 2, 62; id. Mil. 2, 2, 98; Cic. Rep. 3, 3; id. Off. 3, 21; id. Cat. 1, 5; 9; Prop. 3, 17, 17 (4, 16, 17 M.); Ov. F. 5, 242 al.; cf.: sin autem jejunitatem ... dummodo sit polita, dum urbana, dum elegans, in Attico genere ponit, etc.,Cic. Brut. 82, 285: dummodo sit dives, barbarus ille placet,Ov. A. A. 2, 276.—Separated by other words: mea nil refert, dum patiar modo,Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28: certumst pati, dum illum modo habeam mecum,id. Heaut. 3, 1, 57; Val. Fl. 5, 265.
* With a causal accessory notion, until, long enough for, etc (very rare, only with subjunctive) obsidio deinde per paucos dies magis quam oppugnatio fuit, dum vulnus ducis curaretur, Liv 21, 8; cf. id. 24, 40; Suet Aug. 78 fin. nam se quoque moveri finget, dum aditum sibi ad aures faciat, Quint. 4, 1, 46.
* In negative conditional clauses, with ne, so long as not, provided that not, if only not: VTEI. SENATVS. NOSTER. DECERNERET. DVM. NE. MINVS. SENATORIBVS. C. ADESENT., S. C. de Bac. (thrice): id faciat saepe, dum ne lassus fiat,Cato, R. R. 5, 4; Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 137; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 8, 26; id. Curc. 1, 1, 36; Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 12; Cic. Att. 6, 1, 4; 8, 11, B fin.; Liv. 3, 21 Drak.; 28, 40; Ov. H. 3, 81.—So too, dummodo ne, Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 185; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7; id. Att. 12, 45 al.: dum quidem ne,Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 89.
* Subj.: is dum veniat, sedens ibi opperibere,Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 14; cf.: paulisper mane, dum edormiscat unum somnum,id. Am. 2, 2, 64; cf. also Cic. Att. 7, 1, 4; so with exspectare,id. Lael. 13; Caes. B. G. 1, 11 fin.; 4, 13, 2; Liv. 3, 11 fin.: Tac. Or. 19 fin.; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 42; Luc. 5, 303 et saep.; with morari,Hirt. B. G. 8, 28; Liv. 4, 21 fin.; 22, 38 al.; cf. infra, β: sic deinceps omne opus contexitur, dum justa muri altitudo expleatur,Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 4; id. B. C. 1, 58, 4; cf.: multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem Inferretque deos Latio,Verg. A. 1, 5: ut spatium intercedere posset, dum milites convenirent, legatis respondit, etc.,Caes. B. G. 1, 7 fin.: Caesar ex eo tempore, dum ad flumen Varum veniatur, se frumentum daturum pollicetur, from that time until, etc., id. B. C. 1, 87, 1: differant in tempus aliud, dum defervescat ira,Cic. Tusc. 4, 36, 78 (cf. ib.: dum se ipsi colligant): quippe qui moram temporis quaererent, dum Hannibal in Africam traiceret,Liv. 30, 16 fin. et saep.
* Indic.: tu hic nos, dum eximus, interea opperibere,Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 5; so with opperiri,Cic. Att. 10, 3; with manere aliquem,Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 28; with exspectare,id. Eun. 1, 2, 126; with morari,Liv. 27, 42; cf.: causas innecte morandi, Dum pelago desaevit hiems,Verg. A. 4, 52: retine, dum ego huc servos evoco,Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 89; cf.: Tityre, dum redeo, pasce capellas,Verg. E. 9, 23: struppis, quibus lectica deligata erat, usque adeo verberari jussit, dum animam efflavit, Gracch. ap. Gell. 10, 3, 5; cf. in the perf., Prop. 1, 3, 45; in the fut., id. 1, 14, 14. See Hand, Turs. II. pp. 303-330.
* Conj. [for dium, acc. from dius; cf. diu, Corss. Ausspr. 2, 856], denotes the temporal relation of two actions to cach other
* As contemporaneous, or
* As in immediate succession, so that with the commencement of one action the other ceases.
* As contemporaneous.
* Without respect to the limits of the two actions, while, whilst, during the time in which.
* In immediate suceession, until, until that (with the subjunctive or the indicative, as the idea of aim or simply of time predominates; cf. e.g.: quid dicam, quantus amor bestiarum sit in educandis custodiendisque iis, quae procreaverunt, usque ad eum finem, dum possint se ipsa defendere?Cic. N. D. 2, 51 fin.: ea mansit in condicione atque pacto usque ad eum finem, dum judices rejecti sunt,Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 16; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 32; id. Eun. 1, 2, 126; Liv. 4, 21 fin.; 27, 42. Cicero generally, Caesar always employs the subjunctive).
* With respect to the temporal limit of both actions, i. q. tamdiu quam or usque eo, as long as, while.
* Esp., of duration in the present, now, yet.
* When the principal action is an immediate and sudden sequence of that described in the clause with dum, subito or repente is often used in the principal clause: dum tempus teritur, repente milites, etc.,Liv. 29, 9, 5: dum advenientes filia interrogat, repente in osculis, etc. Suet. Aug. 99: dum Appium orno, subito sum factus accusatoris ejus socer,Cic. Att. 6, 6, 1; Hirt. B. Afr. 61.
* When the actions are simply presented as contemporaneous, interea, jam or interea jam is often used in the principal clause: dum haec mecum reputo, accersitur lavatum interea virgo,Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 44; Cic. Quint. 6, 28: dum ea Romani parant, jam Saguntum oppugnabatur,Liv. 21, 7, 1; cf. also: dum ... interim,Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 8; id. Men. 1, 3, 31; Liv. 21, 47, 7 al.
* In combination with etiam primum, and esp. freq. with the negations non, nec, ne, haud, nihil, nullus, nemo, v. h vv.
* Colloq., as an enclitic with imperatives and interjections (by some separately written ades dum, abi dum, etc, but v. Ritschl, Opusc Phil p. 567 sq.), orig, acc of time, a moment, a second, a little Sosia adesdum, paucis te volo, Ter. And 1, 1, 2 abidum, id. Heaut. 2, 3, 8 circumspicedum, Plaut Trin. 1, 2, 109: dicdum,Ter. Hec 5, 3, 5 facitodum, id. Heaut 3, 2, 39 iteradum, Poëta ap. Cic. Att. 14, 14 jubedum, Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 7: manedum,id. Bacch. 4, 6, 24; Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 4: memoradum,Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 103: tacedum,id. Men. 2, 2, 73: tangedum,id. Rud. 3, 5, 5 al.: agedum (most freq.),id. Am. 2, 2, 151; 5, 1, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 1; 5, 1, 1 et saep. (for which, agidum, id. Trin. 2, 2, 89 Ritschl ad loc.); Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 27; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 69; id. Hec. 3, 1, 35; id. Phorm. 5, 3, 1; Cic. Sull. 26; Liv. 7, 9; 9, 16 al.; Cat. 63, 78; Stat. Th. 7, 126 al.: agitedum,Liv. 3, 62 Drak.; 5, 52; 7, 34 fin.: cedodum,Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 15: ehodum,id. And. 1, 2, 13; 2, 1, 24; 3, 5, 10; id. Eun. 2, 3, 68; also in Plaut. in enumerations: primumdum (= Gr. πρῶτον μέν), Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26; id. Most. 2, 1, 53; id. Trin. 1, 2, 61 al.
* Lit. (with indic. when the duration of the action in the principal clause is alone implied, except in the oratio obliqua).—In praes.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis, non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1 fin.; so Cic. Lael. 4, 14; id. de Sen. 23, 86; id. Fin. 3, 2, 9; Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin. al.—In fut.: quid illos opinamini animi habuisse atque habituros, dum vivent? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 13, 17; Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; Cic. Rosc. Am. 32 fin.; id. Leg. 1, 1, 2; Verg. A. 1, 607 sq. et saep.
* Subj., often, when the clause with dum expresses a desired end, or refers to an indefinite future: non tibi venit in mentem, Si, dum vivas, tibi bene facias, etc.,Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 76: pars, dum vires suppeterent, eruptionem censebant,Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 2: ut sua sponte, dum sine periculo liceret, excederet Gadibus,id. B. C. 2, 20, 3: hoc unum esse tempus de pace agendi, dum sibi uterque confideret ut pares ambo viderentur,id. ib. 3, 10, 7: de quo (sc. animo) dum disputarem, tuam mihi dari vellem, Cotta, eloquentiam,Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147 Bait. (v. Roby, Gram. 2, 284 sq.).
* Transf.
* In Plautus repeatedly with an emphatic quidem, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 57; 5, 2, 20; id. Bacch. 2, 2, 48; id. Merc. 2, 3, 53; id. Ps. 1, 5, 92.
* In conditional relations as a restrictive particle, like quatenus and duntaxat, so long as, if so be that, provided that, if only (so regularly connected with the subjunctive; freq. in prose and poetry): dum pereas, nihil interduo aiant vivere,Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 36: Ly. Concede, inspiciam quid sit scriptum. Cu. Maxime, Tuo arbitratu, dum auferam abs te id quod peto, id. Curc. 3, 58; cf.: dum res maneant, verba fingant arbitratu suo,Cic. Fin. 5, 29 fin.: oderint, dum metuant, Att. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 28, 97: licet lascivire, dum nihil metuas,Cic. Rep. 1, 40 et saep.; in the imperf.: qui sese in cruciatum dari cuperet, dum de patris morte quaereretur,id. Rosc. Am. 41, 119; Sall. C. 40, 4; id. J. 68, 3; Quint. 10, 1, 33: An. Non pudet vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41; so without a verb,Cic. Fam. 7, 9; id. Ac. 2, 32, 104; Quint. 4, 1, 70; 9, 4, 58; 10, 3, 5; cf.: dum eatenus,id. 1, 11, 1.
* With an emphatic modo, and often in one word, dummodo: aeque istuc facio dummodo Eam des, quae sit quaestuosa, etc.,Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 189; id. Aul. 2, 2, 62; id. Mil. 2, 2, 98; Cic. Rep. 3, 3; id. Off. 3, 21; id. Cat. 1, 5; 9; Prop. 3, 17, 17 (4, 16, 17 M.); Ov. F. 5, 242 al.; cf.: sin autem jejunitatem ... dummodo sit polita, dum urbana, dum elegans, in Attico genere ponit, etc.,Cic. Brut. 82, 285: dummodo sit dives, barbarus ille placet,Ov. A. A. 2, 276.—Separated by other words: mea nil refert, dum patiar modo,Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28: certumst pati, dum illum modo habeam mecum,id. Heaut. 3, 1, 57; Val. Fl. 5, 265.
* With a causal accessory notion, until, long enough for, etc (very rare, only with subjunctive) obsidio deinde per paucos dies magis quam oppugnatio fuit, dum vulnus ducis curaretur, Liv 21, 8; cf. id. 24, 40; Suet Aug. 78 fin. nam se quoque moveri finget, dum aditum sibi ad aures faciat, Quint. 4, 1, 46.
* In negative conditional clauses, with ne, so long as not, provided that not, if only not: VTEI. SENATVS. NOSTER. DECERNERET. DVM. NE. MINVS. SENATORIBVS. C. ADESENT., S. C. de Bac. (thrice): id faciat saepe, dum ne lassus fiat,Cato, R. R. 5, 4; Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 137; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 8, 26; id. Curc. 1, 1, 36; Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 12; Cic. Att. 6, 1, 4; 8, 11, B fin.; Liv. 3, 21 Drak.; 28, 40; Ov. H. 3, 81.—So too, dummodo ne, Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 185; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7; id. Att. 12, 45 al.: dum quidem ne,Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 89.
* Subj.: is dum veniat, sedens ibi opperibere,Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 14; cf.: paulisper mane, dum edormiscat unum somnum,id. Am. 2, 2, 64; cf. also Cic. Att. 7, 1, 4; so with exspectare,id. Lael. 13; Caes. B. G. 1, 11 fin.; 4, 13, 2; Liv. 3, 11 fin.: Tac. Or. 19 fin.; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 42; Luc. 5, 303 et saep.; with morari,Hirt. B. G. 8, 28; Liv. 4, 21 fin.; 22, 38 al.; cf. infra, β: sic deinceps omne opus contexitur, dum justa muri altitudo expleatur,Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 4; id. B. C. 1, 58, 4; cf.: multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem Inferretque deos Latio,Verg. A. 1, 5: ut spatium intercedere posset, dum milites convenirent, legatis respondit, etc.,Caes. B. G. 1, 7 fin.: Caesar ex eo tempore, dum ad flumen Varum veniatur, se frumentum daturum pollicetur, from that time until, etc., id. B. C. 1, 87, 1: differant in tempus aliud, dum defervescat ira,Cic. Tusc. 4, 36, 78 (cf. ib.: dum se ipsi colligant): quippe qui moram temporis quaererent, dum Hannibal in Africam traiceret,Liv. 30, 16 fin. et saep.
* Indic.: tu hic nos, dum eximus, interea opperibere,Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 5; so with opperiri,Cic. Att. 10, 3; with manere aliquem,Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 28; with exspectare,id. Eun. 1, 2, 126; with morari,Liv. 27, 42; cf.: causas innecte morandi, Dum pelago desaevit hiems,Verg. A. 4, 52: retine, dum ego huc servos evoco,Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 89; cf.: Tityre, dum redeo, pasce capellas,Verg. E. 9, 23: struppis, quibus lectica deligata erat, usque adeo verberari jussit, dum animam efflavit, Gracch. ap. Gell. 10, 3, 5; cf. in the perf., Prop. 1, 3, 45; in the fut., id. 1, 14, 14. See Hand, Turs. II. pp. 303-330.
Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary
See also:
Dum
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