(adj.adv.adv.adv.) : dŭbĭus, a, um, adj.for duhibius, duohabeo, held as two or double, i. e. doubtful; cf. dubito, Corss. Ausspr. 2, 1027.
* Moving in two directions alternately, vibrating to and fro, fluctuating (cf. ambiguus, anceps, incertus, perplexus, duplex).
* Lit. (very rare): ut vas non quit constare, nisi humor Destitit in dubio fluctu jactarier intus,Lucr. 6, 556; cf.: fluctibus dubiis volvi coeptum est mare,Liv. 37, 16, 4.—Far more freq. and class.
* For the syn. varius, manifold, various (only in the foll. passages): o multimodis variūm et dubiūm et prosperūm copem diem, Pac. ap. Non. 84, 23 (Trag. Rel. p. 115, ed. Rib.). And so prob. is to be explained dubia cena, a multifarious, richly provided supper, Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 28 (for the subjoined explanation of Terence: ubi tu dubites, quid sumas potissimum, is only outwardly adapted to the meaning of dubius); so, dubia cena,Hor. S. 2, 2, 77; and: fercula dubiae cenae,Aus. Mos. 102; Hier. Ep. 22, no. 16.—Hence, adv., in two forms.
* Act.
* Wavering in opinion, doubting, doubtful, dubious, uncertain, = ambigens, haesitans, etc.: sin est is homo, anni multi me dubiam dant,Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 17: quae res est, quae cujusquam animum in hac causa dubium facere possit?Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10.— With an interrog. clause, A. and S. Gr. § 213 R. 4 (1.): temptat dubiam mentem rationis egestas, ecquae nam fuerit mundi genitalis origo,Lucr. 5, 1211; cf.: equites procul visi ab dubiis, quinam essent,Liv. 4, 40: dubius sum, quid faciam,Hor. S. 1, 9, 40: dubius, unde rumperet silentium,id. Epod. 5, 85: spemque metumque inter dubii, seu vivere credant, Sive extrema pati,Verg. A. 1, 218; cf. Liv. 1, 42: Philippus non dubius, quin, etc.,id. 31, 42: haud dubius quin,id. 42, 14; Curt. 5, 12.—With acc. and inf.: dictator minime dubius, bellum cum his populis Patres jussuros,Liv. 6, 14; so, haud dubius,id. 31, 24; Curt. 9, 7: nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit,well aware how hard it is,Verg. G. 3, 289; so, dubius with the genitives animi, Auct. B. Alex. 56, 2: mentis,Ov. F. 6, 572: consilii,Just. 2, 13: sententiae,Liv. 33, 25 Drak.: salutis,Ov. M. 15, 438: vitae,id. Tr. 3, 3, 25: fati,Luc. 7, 611 al.; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 437; A. and S. Gr. § 213 R. 1 (a.).
* Pass., that isdoubted of, uncertain, doubtful, dubious, undetermined (so most freq. in all periods and kinds of composition): videsne igitur, quae dubia sint, ea sumi pro certis atque concessis?Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106; cf. id. ib. 2, 50 fin.; id. Fin. 4, 24, 67; id. de Or. 1, 20, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; Quint. 3, 4, 8; 7, 8, 6: nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas Ab dubiis,Lucr. 4, 468 (cf. verba, vague language, opp. aperta, Quint. 7, 2, 48): jus, opp. certum,id. 12, 3, 6; opp. confessum,id. 7, 7, 7: in regno, ubi ne obscura quidem est aut dubia servitus,Cic. Rep. 1, 31: dubium vel anceps genus causarum,Quint. 4, 1, 40; cf. id. 9, 2, 69: dubii variique casus, Auct. ap. Cic. Clu. 21, 58: et incerta societas,Suet. Aug. 17 et saep.: quia sciebam dubiam esse fortunam scenicam, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 8: salus (opp. aperta pernicies),Cic. N. D. 3, 27, 69: spes pacis,id. Att. 8, 13: victoria,Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 6; cf.: victoria, praeda, laus,Sall. J. 85, 48: Marte,Vell. 2, 55, 3: spes armorum,id. 2, 71: discrimen pugnae,indecisive,Sil. 5, 519: proelia,Tac. G. 6: auctor,unknown,Ov. M. 12, 61 et saep.: an auspicia repetenda, ne quid dubiis diis agerem?i. e. unassured of their favor,Liv. 8, 32: dubii socii suspensaeque ex fortuna fidei (opp. fideles socii and certi hostes),id. 44, 18; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 3, 5: Hispaniae,Tac. A. 3, 44; cf.: gens dubiae ad id voluntatis,Liv. 9, 15: lux,i. e. morning twilight, dawn,Ov. M. 11, 596: sidera,Juv. 5, 22; cf. nox,evening twilight,Ov. M. 4, 401: caelum,i. e. over cast,Verg. G. 1, 252: fulgor solis,Sen. Herc. Fur. 670; cf.: et quasi languidus dies,Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6: dubiāque tegens lanugine malas,i. e. between down and a beard,Ov. M. 9, 398; 13, 754; cf.: dubia lanuginis umbra, Claud. Epith. Pall. et Cel. 42: vina,not sure to ripen,Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 319: consilia,wavering,Tac. Agr. 18 et saep.: hunc annum sequitur annus haud dubiis consulibus (shortly thereafter the contrary: Papirius Semproniusque, quorum de consulatu dubitabatur),Liv. 4, 8; so, haud dubius praetor,id. 39, 39 fin.: haud dubii hostes,open enemies,id. 37, 49: haud dubii Galli (opp. degeneres, mixti, Gallograeci vere),id. 38, 17: cena dubia, see below, II.
* In the neutr. absol.
* Meton., like anceps (4), doubtful, dubious, i. e. precarious, dangerous, critical, difficult (freq. but mostly poet.): res dubias, egenas, inopiosas consili,critical condition,Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 2; so, res,id. Capt. 2, 3, 46; id. Most. 5, 1, 1; Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; id. J. 14, 5; Liv. 2, 50 fin.; Tac. A. 2, 62; Verg. A. 6, 196; 11, 445 al.; cf. pericla (with advorsae res),Lucr. 3, 55; 1076: tempora (opp. secunda),Hor. C. 4, 9, 36: mons erat ascensu dubius,Prop. 4, 4, 83; cf.: quae (loca) dubia nisu videbantur,Sall. J. 94, 2.
* Dubium habere, to regard as uncertain, to doubt: an tu dubium habebis, etiam sancte quom jurem tibi?Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 112: an dubium habetis, num obficere quid vobis possit? etc.,Sall. H. Fragm. III. 61, 8 Dietsch; cf.: haec habere dubia, neque, etc.,Cic. Ac. 2, 9 fin.
* In dubium: in dubium vocare,to call in question,Cic. de Or. 2, 34; cf.: illud me dixisse nemo vocabit in dubium, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 5. Vid. also under 3. b.: venire in dubium,Cic. Quint. 2; id. ib. 21, 67; Liv. 3, 13; cf.: alii non veniunt in dubium de voluntate,i. e. there is no doubt what their wish is,Cic. Att. 11, 15, 2. Vid. also under 3. b.
* In dubio, in doubt, in question, undetermined: dum in dubio est animus,Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; cf. Luc. 7, 247: in dubioque fuere utrorum ad regna cadendum esset, etc.,Lucr. 3, 836; cf. id. 1085; Quint. 7, 9, 9: aestate potius quam hieme dandum, non est in dubio,Plin. 25, 5, 24, § 59 et saep.: ut in dubio poneret, utrum ... an, etc.,Liv. 34, 5. Vid. also 3. b.—(ε) Sine dubio, without doubt, doubtless, indisputably, certainly (very freq.; in Cic. more than twenty times; not in Caes. and Sall.): Th. Numquid dubitas quin? etc. Gn. Sine dubio, opinor, Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2; 47; id. Cat. 2, 1; id. Balb. 24, 55; id. Tusc. 2, 7, 18; id. Off. 1, 29, 102; id. N. D. 1, 9, 23; id. Att. 1, 19, 2 et saep. Vid. the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 134 sq. Sometimes, esp. in Quint., with adversative particles: sed, verum, at, etc., no doubt, doubtless ... but, yet, etc.: cum te togatis omnibus sine dubio anteferret ... sed, etc.. Cic. N. D. 1, 21, 58; so with sed, id. de Or, 3, 57; Quint. 1, 6, 38; 5, 10, 53; 6, 3, 64; with sed tamen,id. 12, 6, 7; with tamen,id. 3, 8, 21; 5, 7, 28; 6, 4, 12; with verum,id. 8 prooem. § 33; with at,id. 8, 3, 67; with autem,id. 1, 6, 12 Spald.—(ζ) Procul dubio, beyond question, undoubtedly (very rare), Lucr. 3, 638; Liv. 39, 40 fin.; Plin. 18, 21, 50, § 187; and: dubio procul,Lucr. 1, 812; 2, 261.
* In the neutr. absol. (i. q. discrimen, II. B. 2, and periculum): mea quidem hercle certe in dubio vita est,is in danger,Ter. And. 2, 2, 10 Ruhnk.; Sall. C. 52, 6; cf. Ov. Am. 2, 13, 2: sese suas exercitusque fortunas in dubium non devocaturum,Caes. B. G. 6, 7, 6; cf. Cic. Caecin. 27, 76: tua fama et gnatae vita in dubium veniet,Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 42; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 35; Ov. H. 16, 138 Loers.— Plur. as subst.: hinc Italae gentes in dubiis responsa petunt,Verg. A. 7, 86: mens dubiis percussa pavet,Luc. 6, 596.
* Dŭbĭe (acc. to I. B. 1.), doubtfully, dubiously (not in Plaut., Ter., or Caes.): potest accidere, ut aliquod signum dubie datum pro certo sit acceptum,Cic. Div. 1, 55.—Esp. freq. (particularly since the Aug. per.) with negatives: haud (rarely non) dubie, undoubtedly, indisputably, positively, certainly: etsi non dubie mihi nuntiabatur Parthos transisse Euphratem, tamen, etc.,Cic. Fam. 15, 1 (nowhere else as an adv. in Cic.): non dubie,Quint. 7, 2, 6; 9, 4, 67; Front. Strat. 2, 3, 16; and with sed (cf. dubius, I. B. 2. b. ε), Quint. 11, 2, 1; so, too, nec dubie,Liv. 2, 23 fin.; Quint. 2, 14, 2; and with verum,id. 3, 4, 1; with sed,Tac. A. 4, 19 fin.: haud dubie jam victor, Sall. J. 102, 1 (cf. on the contrary in Cic.: sine ulla dubitatione hostis, Phil. 14, 4, 10; cf. Liv. 3, 38; Cic. Cat. 4, 3, 5); so, haud dubie,Liv. 1, 9; 13; 3, 24; 38; 53; 4, 2; 23; 5, 10 fin.; 33 fin.; 49 fin. et saep. (about 70 times; see the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 138); Quint. 10, 1, 85; Tac. A. 2, 43; 88; id. H. 1, 7; 46; 72; 3, 86; 4, 27 fin.; 80; id. G. 28; Suet. Caes. 55; id. Calig. 9; id. Galb. 2; Vulg. Lev. 13, 43.
* Dubio = dubie, App. M. 9, 2.

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