LAT
deficio
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Lewis Short
(v. a.P. a.) : dē-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3 (
* Perf. subj.: defexit, an old formula in Liv. 1, 24 fin., see below, no. III. fin. In the pass., besides the regular form deficior, ante- and postclass., once in Verg., Propert., and Livy, like fīo, eri: defit, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 46; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Lucr. 2, 1142; Verg. E. 2, 22; Prop. 1, 1, 34: deflunt,Gell. 20, 8, 5: defiat,Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 63: defiet,Liv. 9, 11: defieri,Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2; cf. conficio init.), v. a. and n. facio, orig., to loosen, set free, remove from; but it passed over at a very early period into the middle sense, to loosen from one's self, to remove one's self, to break loose from; and then gradually assumed the character of a new verb. act., with the meaning to leave, desert, depart from something, or absol., to depart, cease, fail. (For syn. cf.: desum, absum, descisco, negligo.)
* Act. in the middle sense, to remove one's self, separate one's self, to withdraw (cf. the Greek ἀφιστάναι).—Hence, to forsake, desert, abandon, revolt.
* Lit.: ab amicitia P. R.,Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; 7, 39, 3: ab Aeduis,id. ib. 2, 14, 3: ab rege,Sall. J. 56, 3; cf. ib. 66: (consules) a senatu, a republica, a bonis omnibus defecerant,Cic. Planc. 35; cf.: a republica,id. Cat. 11, 28; id. Fam. 12, 10; id. Sull. 12, 35: ab imperio ac nomine nostro,Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31 et saep.: a patribus ad plebem,to go over,Liv. 6, 20: ad se,Sall. J. 61; cf.: ad Poenos,Liv. 22, 61.—Absol.: civitates quae defecerant,Caes. B. G. 3, 17, 2; 5, 25, 4; 7, 10 al.
* As a verb. act., to leave a person or thing, to desert, to fail, forsake, be wanting to (of things; very rarely of personal subjects): quem jam sanguis viresque deficiunt,Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin.; so, vires,id. B. C. 3, 99 fin.; Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199: me Leontina civitas,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110; id. ib. 2, 5, 28 fin.; Hor. S. 2, 1, 13 et saep.: res eos jam pridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10: me dies, vox, latera deficiant, si, etc.,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21 (imitated word for word, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 9); cf.: ne te de republica disserentem deficiat oratio,Cic. Rep. 1, 23; and: tempus te citius quam oratio deficeret,id. Rosc. Am. 32: animus si te non deficit aequus,Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 30: somnus sollicitas domus,Tib. 3, 4, 20: genitor Phaethontis orbem, i. e. is eclipsed (cf. III. B. infra), Ov. M. 2, 382.—Poet. with a subject-clause: nec me deficiet nautas rogitare citatos, i. e. I will not cease, etc. Prop. 1, 8, 23 Kuin.
* Pass.: cum aquilifer jam viribus deficeretur,Caes. B. C. 3, 64, 3; cf.: mulier a menstruis defecta,Cels. 2, 8 fin.: mulier abundat audacia, consilio et ratione deficitur,Cic. Clu. 65, 184: aqua ciboque defecti,Quint. 3, 8, 23; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25: sanguine defecti artus,Ov. M. 5, 96 et saep.: si qui dotem promisit defectus sit facultatibus,i. e. unable to pay,Dig. 23, 3, 33; cf.: te defecta nomina,ib. 22, 1, 11 fin.
* Middle or neuter, to run out, be wanting, fail, cease, disappear.
* Middle (mostly ante-class. and poet.).
* With dat.: mihi fortuna magis nunc defit, quam genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2: lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore defit,Verg. E. 2, 22.
* Neuter.
* With dat. (so rarely; mostly poet.): cum non solum vires, sed etiam tela nostris deficerent,Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1; so perh.: vires nostris,id. B. C. 2, 41, 7 (al. nostros); Sil. 8, 661 Oud. N. cr.; cf. id. 10, 10, 193; and Stat. Ach. 1, 445.
* Absol. (freq. in all periods and kinds of composition): non frumentum deficere poterat,Caes. B. C. 2, 37 fin.; cf.: fructus ex arboribus,id. ib. 3, 58 fin.: ejus generis copia,id. B. G. 6, 16 fin.: tempus anni ad bellum gerendum,id. ib. 4, 20, 2: vereor, ne mihi crimina non suppeterent, ne oratio deesset, ne vox viresque deficerent,Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11: nisi memoria forte defecerit,id. Fin. 2, 14, 44; id. Rep. 1, 3: non deficiente crumena,Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 11 et saep.; Juv. 11, 38: quod plena luna defecisset,was eclipsed,Cic. Rep. 1, 15; cf.: solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,id. ib. 1, 16 al.; also simply to set: qua venit exoriens, qua deficit,Prop. 4, 4, 27: lunā deficiente, waning (opp. crescente), Gell. 20, 8, 5; of fire and light, to go out, expire, become extinct: ignis,Verg. G. 352: lumen,Petr. 111, 4: progenies Caesarum in Nerone deficit,becomes extinct, dies out,Suet. Galb. 1; cf. Plin. Pan. 39, 6; Just. 7, 2, 4; Sen. Suas. 2, 22; but deficit ignis,does not extend,Verg. A. 2, 505: in hac voce defecit,he departed, expired,Suet. Aug. 99; Quint. 6 prooem. § 11: deficit omne quod nascitur, comes to an end, Quint. 5, 10, 79; cf.: mundum deficere,id. ib.: deficit vita,Plaut. Asin. 3, 3, 19; quod multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant,had been lost,Caes. B. C. 3, 2 fin.: ultima jam passi comites bello Deficiunt,grow faint,Ov. M. 14, 483: deficit Matho,fails, becomes bankrupt,Juv. 7, 129: debitores,Dig. 49, 14, 3, § 8: munimenta defecerant,yielded, surrendered,Curt. 4, 4, 19.—Trop.: ne negotio desisteret neu animo deficeret,nor be disheartened,Caes. B. C. 3, 112 fin.; so, animo,id. B. G. 7, 30; id. B. C. 1, 19; 2, 43; Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10; for which, ne deficiant (apes) animum,Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 34; and in a like sense absol.: ne una plaga accepta patres conscripti conciderent, ne deficerent,Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9; so Caes. B. C. 2, 31 fin.; Sall. J. 51, 4: deficit ars,Ov. M. 11, 537: illis legibus populus Romanus prior non deficiet: si prior defexit publico consilio dolo malo, tu illo die, Juppiter, etc., to depart from, violate the conditions of a treaty, an old formula used in taking an oath, Liv. 1, 24 fin.: pugnando deficere,i. e. to be deficient, wanting,Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 3; cf. poet. with foll. inf.: suppeditare Materies,Lucr. 1, 1039; Sil. 3, 112; Tib. 4, 1, 191.— Hence, dēfectus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to no. III.), weak, weakened, worn out, enfeebled (not ante-Aug.): quod sibi defectis illa tulisset opem,Ov. F. 3, 674: defectus annis et desertus viribus,Phaedr. 1, 21, 3; cf.: defectissimus annis et viribus,Col. 1 prooem. § 12: senio (arbor),id. 5, 6, 37: laboribus,Val. Fl. 2, 285: vadit incerto pede, jam viribus defecta,Sen. Hippol. 374: defectae senectutis homine,Dig. 7, 1, 12, § 3: in tumidis et globosis (speculis) omnia defectiora (corresp. with paria and auctiora),smaller,App. Mag. p. 283.—Plur. subst.: dēfecti, ōrum, m.: sidera obscura attributa defectis,the weak,Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 28.
* Perf. subj.: defexit, an old formula in Liv. 1, 24 fin., see below, no. III. fin. In the pass., besides the regular form deficior, ante- and postclass., once in Verg., Propert., and Livy, like fīo, eri: defit, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 46; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Lucr. 2, 1142; Verg. E. 2, 22; Prop. 1, 1, 34: deflunt,Gell. 20, 8, 5: defiat,Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 63: defiet,Liv. 9, 11: defieri,Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2; cf. conficio init.), v. a. and n. facio, orig., to loosen, set free, remove from; but it passed over at a very early period into the middle sense, to loosen from one's self, to remove one's self, to break loose from; and then gradually assumed the character of a new verb. act., with the meaning to leave, desert, depart from something, or absol., to depart, cease, fail. (For syn. cf.: desum, absum, descisco, negligo.)
* Act. in the middle sense, to remove one's self, separate one's self, to withdraw (cf. the Greek ἀφιστάναι).—Hence, to forsake, desert, abandon, revolt.
* Lit.: ab amicitia P. R.,Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; 7, 39, 3: ab Aeduis,id. ib. 2, 14, 3: ab rege,Sall. J. 56, 3; cf. ib. 66: (consules) a senatu, a republica, a bonis omnibus defecerant,Cic. Planc. 35; cf.: a republica,id. Cat. 11, 28; id. Fam. 12, 10; id. Sull. 12, 35: ab imperio ac nomine nostro,Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31 et saep.: a patribus ad plebem,to go over,Liv. 6, 20: ad se,Sall. J. 61; cf.: ad Poenos,Liv. 22, 61.—Absol.: civitates quae defecerant,Caes. B. G. 3, 17, 2; 5, 25, 4; 7, 10 al.
* As a verb. act., to leave a person or thing, to desert, to fail, forsake, be wanting to (of things; very rarely of personal subjects): quem jam sanguis viresque deficiunt,Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin.; so, vires,id. B. C. 3, 99 fin.; Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199: me Leontina civitas,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110; id. ib. 2, 5, 28 fin.; Hor. S. 2, 1, 13 et saep.: res eos jam pridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10: me dies, vox, latera deficiant, si, etc.,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21 (imitated word for word, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 9); cf.: ne te de republica disserentem deficiat oratio,Cic. Rep. 1, 23; and: tempus te citius quam oratio deficeret,id. Rosc. Am. 32: animus si te non deficit aequus,Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 30: somnus sollicitas domus,Tib. 3, 4, 20: genitor Phaethontis orbem, i. e. is eclipsed (cf. III. B. infra), Ov. M. 2, 382.—Poet. with a subject-clause: nec me deficiet nautas rogitare citatos, i. e. I will not cease, etc. Prop. 1, 8, 23 Kuin.
* Pass.: cum aquilifer jam viribus deficeretur,Caes. B. C. 3, 64, 3; cf.: mulier a menstruis defecta,Cels. 2, 8 fin.: mulier abundat audacia, consilio et ratione deficitur,Cic. Clu. 65, 184: aqua ciboque defecti,Quint. 3, 8, 23; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25: sanguine defecti artus,Ov. M. 5, 96 et saep.: si qui dotem promisit defectus sit facultatibus,i. e. unable to pay,Dig. 23, 3, 33; cf.: te defecta nomina,ib. 22, 1, 11 fin.
* Middle or neuter, to run out, be wanting, fail, cease, disappear.
* Middle (mostly ante-class. and poet.).
* With dat.: mihi fortuna magis nunc defit, quam genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2: lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore defit,Verg. E. 2, 22.
* Neuter.
* With dat. (so rarely; mostly poet.): cum non solum vires, sed etiam tela nostris deficerent,Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1; so perh.: vires nostris,id. B. C. 2, 41, 7 (al. nostros); Sil. 8, 661 Oud. N. cr.; cf. id. 10, 10, 193; and Stat. Ach. 1, 445.
* Absol. (freq. in all periods and kinds of composition): non frumentum deficere poterat,Caes. B. C. 2, 37 fin.; cf.: fructus ex arboribus,id. ib. 3, 58 fin.: ejus generis copia,id. B. G. 6, 16 fin.: tempus anni ad bellum gerendum,id. ib. 4, 20, 2: vereor, ne mihi crimina non suppeterent, ne oratio deesset, ne vox viresque deficerent,Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11: nisi memoria forte defecerit,id. Fin. 2, 14, 44; id. Rep. 1, 3: non deficiente crumena,Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 11 et saep.; Juv. 11, 38: quod plena luna defecisset,was eclipsed,Cic. Rep. 1, 15; cf.: solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,id. ib. 1, 16 al.; also simply to set: qua venit exoriens, qua deficit,Prop. 4, 4, 27: lunā deficiente, waning (opp. crescente), Gell. 20, 8, 5; of fire and light, to go out, expire, become extinct: ignis,Verg. G. 352: lumen,Petr. 111, 4: progenies Caesarum in Nerone deficit,becomes extinct, dies out,Suet. Galb. 1; cf. Plin. Pan. 39, 6; Just. 7, 2, 4; Sen. Suas. 2, 22; but deficit ignis,does not extend,Verg. A. 2, 505: in hac voce defecit,he departed, expired,Suet. Aug. 99; Quint. 6 prooem. § 11: deficit omne quod nascitur, comes to an end, Quint. 5, 10, 79; cf.: mundum deficere,id. ib.: deficit vita,Plaut. Asin. 3, 3, 19; quod multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant,had been lost,Caes. B. C. 3, 2 fin.: ultima jam passi comites bello Deficiunt,grow faint,Ov. M. 14, 483: deficit Matho,fails, becomes bankrupt,Juv. 7, 129: debitores,Dig. 49, 14, 3, § 8: munimenta defecerant,yielded, surrendered,Curt. 4, 4, 19.—Trop.: ne negotio desisteret neu animo deficeret,nor be disheartened,Caes. B. C. 3, 112 fin.; so, animo,id. B. G. 7, 30; id. B. C. 1, 19; 2, 43; Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10; for which, ne deficiant (apes) animum,Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 34; and in a like sense absol.: ne una plaga accepta patres conscripti conciderent, ne deficerent,Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9; so Caes. B. C. 2, 31 fin.; Sall. J. 51, 4: deficit ars,Ov. M. 11, 537: illis legibus populus Romanus prior non deficiet: si prior defexit publico consilio dolo malo, tu illo die, Juppiter, etc., to depart from, violate the conditions of a treaty, an old formula used in taking an oath, Liv. 1, 24 fin.: pugnando deficere,i. e. to be deficient, wanting,Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 3; cf. poet. with foll. inf.: suppeditare Materies,Lucr. 1, 1039; Sil. 3, 112; Tib. 4, 1, 191.— Hence, dēfectus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to no. III.), weak, weakened, worn out, enfeebled (not ante-Aug.): quod sibi defectis illa tulisset opem,Ov. F. 3, 674: defectus annis et desertus viribus,Phaedr. 1, 21, 3; cf.: defectissimus annis et viribus,Col. 1 prooem. § 12: senio (arbor),id. 5, 6, 37: laboribus,Val. Fl. 2, 285: vadit incerto pede, jam viribus defecta,Sen. Hippol. 374: defectae senectutis homine,Dig. 7, 1, 12, § 3: in tumidis et globosis (speculis) omnia defectiora (corresp. with paria and auctiora),smaller,App. Mag. p. 283.—Plur. subst.: dēfecti, ōrum, m.: sidera obscura attributa defectis,the weak,Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 28.
Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary
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