LAT
contra
JSON
Lewis Short
(adv.prep.prep.prep.adv.adj.P. a.adv.) : contrā, adv. and prep. stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs eā, quā, etc.; cf.: ultrā, intrā, extrā, citrā, orig.
* In comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
* Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
* Local.
* With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. γ, and II. E. 2. infra.
* Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
* Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. β, and I. A. 1. b. α supra).
* To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.; but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,Quint. 7, 3, 14: cum verba (legis) contra sint,id. 7, 1, 49: sed experimentum contra fuit,unsuccessful,Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.: ubi fortuna contra fuit,id. ib. 3, 18: si fortuna contra daret,should be unfavorable,id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
* Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
* Of things: hic ubi sol radiis ... Adversā fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1: quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres ... perfregere,Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.
* In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versā; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
* In post-Aug. prose (very rare): at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.
* In gen.: te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71: quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110: qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,make a victorious counter-charge,id. Mil. 2, 2, 37: si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54: audi nunc contra jam,listen in turn,id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23: at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,you likewise seem fortunate to me,id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21: Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,Liv. 1, 28, 1: contra ut me diligat illa,Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit: cui latrans contra senex,Phaedr. 5, 10, 7: scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.— Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.: contra talia reddit,Claud. B. Gild. 379.
* With dat. pers.: consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45: facere contra huic aegre,Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10: hiscine contra insidiabere?id. Hec. 1. 1, 13: tibi contra gratiam Referre,id. ib. 4, 2, 7.
* With item: item a me contra factum est,Plaut. Aul. prol. 20: puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.
* Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. α, and b. α): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words (face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt; Consonat terra,Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86: confer gradum Contra pariter,id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28: video amicam ... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243: vesper adest, juvenes consurgite! ... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!Cat. 62, 6.—(ε) Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20: si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,what counter gift,Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit ... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 ($3), 19, 5: si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1; Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,to bid in opposition,Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6: agedum pauca accipe contra,Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle: Numidae ... Romanorum ordines conturbare ... neque contra feriundi copia erat,Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat ... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies: oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: dicit accusator haec: primum, etc. ... quid contra reus?id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
* Of physical exertion.
* Lit.: concurrunt ... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,struggling against each other,Lucr. 6. 98: nec nos obniti contra ... Sufficimus,bear up, battle against,Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434: at ille contra nititur,resists,Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82: pars remigum, tamquam imperitiā ... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,rowed in an opposite direction,Tac. H. 4, 16.
* Of mental exertion: si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,arm yourself against them,Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.: siti contra ... pugnandum,Cels. 4, 2 fin.
* Of hostile opposition in gen.
* Lit.: quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,who made opposition in every way,Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107: contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,something inimical,id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.
* Of warfare.
* Lit.: ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.: quid quod exercitum contra duxit?Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23: ut si quā ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructā depugnarent,if they should be attacked by an open charge,Caes. B. G. 7, 28: issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum ... audissent,Liv. 7, 39, 17: cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,would oppose their march,Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.: et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,Tac. A. 11, 10.
* Of legal contests.
* With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.
* Of literary opposition.
* On the part of the adversary: inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.
* Of public and political opposition.
* Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. γ.
* Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153: si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,and if the contract was violated,Dig. 18, 1, 56.
* With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
* With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another: nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,no office was left for which to canvass against each other,Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91: honores contra petere,Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.: pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,Tac. A. 14, 45.
* Absol.
* Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings: cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,would speak on the other side,Cic. Quint. 24, 77: hoc ... contra dicente Cottā judicatum est,id. Caecin. 33, 97: dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus ... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary: contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos ... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, Quint. 4, 1, 8.
* With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings: ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1: ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,id. Fin. 5, 10, 27: aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections: ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),refute the objections,Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90: quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, ōrum, n. plur.: seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,or refute the objections,Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.: dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,the objection is made that there is no testament,Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.
* With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
* To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition: quam palam principes dixerunt contra!protested against it,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare: cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5: filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,the father objects,Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87: contradicente nullo,Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—(ε) To reply: contradixit edicto,answered by an edict,Suet. Aug. 56. —(ζ) Abl. absol. impers.: explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest,Dig. 1, 3, 34.
* With quin, to object: praetor Samnitibus respondit ... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,there was no objection to a reconciliation,Liv. 8, 2, 2.
* To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing: cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,opposed the opinions,Tac. H. 1, 39.
* To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner: patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,the father objects,Quint. 9, 2, 81: cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.
* With dat. of the petition: preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,which could not be denied,Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—(ε) To contest the validity of a law (rare): quibus (legibus) contradici potest,Quint. 7, 7, 4.—(ζ) To contradict an assertion (very rare): pro certis autem habemus ... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,Quint. 5, 10, 13.
* Of a direct contrast.
* Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite: quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,but experience teaches that just the contrary is true,Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088: in stultitiā contra est,with fools the reverse is true,Cic. Clu. 31, 84: in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49: quod contra est,Sall. J. 85, 21: quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4: contra fore si, etc.,ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2: immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),ib. 41, 3, 49: ego contra puto (i. e. esse),Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.
* Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versā, etc.
* Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
* To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.: nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.; quod contra, id turpe,id. Off. 1, 27, 94: sit sapienter usus aut contra,Quint. 2, 5, 15: lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),Col. 11, 3, 25.
* To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.: ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,improbable,Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7: quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.
* To a verbal predicate: an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),Dig. 34, 5, 19.
* To a subject infinitive: laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,praising or censuring a witness,Quint. 3, 7, 2.—(ε) To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative: quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quādam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,those that were not, not,Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse; mihi contra,id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filiā commissum? Et contra, veneficum in novercā, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—(ζ) To an attributive genitive: Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),Sall. J. 88, 2: verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),Quint. 2, 4, 21: alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,the accuser and the accused,id. 7, 2, 31; so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.
* With its own predicate: saepe ... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex aliā laetamur parte latenti; Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., (proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24: quae etiam contra valent,i. e. if the terms are reversed,id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.
* Belonging to the same predicate: ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,Cic. Or. 36, 123: cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,Dig. 35, 2, 48: in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71: junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,id. 1, 5, 68: ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,but with mares the reverse is the case,Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16: itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,Cic. Or. 42, 143: qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,or vice versā,Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
* In independent clauses.
* Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse ... perhibent philosophi ... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1: ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum ... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35: ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62: in Italiā bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro ... Hannibal contra in alienā, in hostili est terrā,Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11: contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214; so with versā vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt ... Contra Macedones versā vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,Just. 13, 1, 7.
* In opposition to a dependent clause: ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39: cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4: cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.: at contra,Lucr. 2, 392.
* With co-ordinate conjunctions.
* Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
* In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra
* With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
* With emphatic particles.
* With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
* At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore; At contra taetri absinthi natura ... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,Lucr. 2, 400: cogunt,id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur; at contra nobis tu quidem ... prae nobis beatus,Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5: ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines ... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.
* With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare; never contra enim): falso queritur de naturā suā genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23.
* Contra autem (rare; in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone: sub septemtrione aedificia ... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem ... sunt facienda,Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.
* Contra vero (very rare; not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin.—(ε) Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.
* Aut contra: num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit ... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18: si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.
* Vel contra: hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit ... quia magistratus?Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.
* Seu contra: seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,Prop. 1, 11, 25.
* In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.): aliis vero econtra videtur,Hier. Ep. 12.
* Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.): honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.
* Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies); not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum ... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos ... neminem plebeium,Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.
* Immo contra (post-Aug.).
* = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue: existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates? ... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.
* Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare): quoniam ... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. γ supra.
* Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
* With atque: item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6: simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69: judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.
* With ac: itaque contra est ac dicitis,Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41: vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137: cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,id. Phil. 11, 13, 34: Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magnā vi tendere, etc.,Sall. C. 60, 5.
* Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. γ infra); so always with quam: mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,contrary to the divine law,Cic. Clu. 5, 12: ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,contrary to its own resolution,id. Pis. 8, 18: contra quam ista causa postulasset,id. Caecin. 24, 67: contra quam sanctum legibus est,Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122: contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
* With quam (post-Aug.): cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 ($3), 8, 6: contra quam licet,id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.
* Local uses.
* Opposite, over against, facing.
* Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
* Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.: adversus, ad, e regione,Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
* With inanimate and abstract objects.
* Transf.
* Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
* Of places on the human body: id quod contra stomachum est,Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7; 4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea ... contra medium alvum orsa,Cels. 4, 1 fin.
* Of logical opposition.
* Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility): (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,towards,Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose: lege Corneliā de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,Dig. 48, 8, 4.
* Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum ... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.
* Against an opposing action, etc.: contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5: cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,Vitr. 1, 6, 8: ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54: contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,id. 35, 14, 48, § 169: capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. —Trop.: contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.: contra stimulum calces,kick against the pricks,Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.
* Of local actions with hostile intent.
* Lit.: quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12: Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),id. Att. 15, 20, 3: pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,to face you,id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26: a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62: Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood: terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite,Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.
* In partic.
* Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose: quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7: contra populi studium,Cic. Brut. 34, 126: contra civium perditorum ... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causā,id. ib. 79, 273; so, a mendacio contra veritatem,id. Inv. 1, 3, 4: contra cives in acie,id. Att. 16, 11, 2: et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,opposite,Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414: haec enim (ratio) sola ... stat contra fortunam,Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin.
* Contra aliquem ire: aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,Stat. Th. 9, 16.—Trop.: uti contra injurias armati eatis,Sall. J. 31, 6: interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. β infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.
* To persons placed together for comparison: C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,Quint. 10, 1, 114: CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.
* To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
* Lit. (very rare): quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue ... Si gravior est, leviorem rem ... feret, etc.,Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.
* Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summā Sacrā Viā ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter): numcubi hic vides citrum ... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,superb,id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.): oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,Petr. 7, 6.
* Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra: contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,Caes. B. G. 5, 29: contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4: quae contra breviter fata est vates,Verg. A. 6, 398: contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
* With verbs of hostile action.
* Of physical exertion: pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22: proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142.
* Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6: licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,injurious to,Quint. 4, 2, 75: res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives: nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112: quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.
* Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition: Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?or keep it against Caesar,Cic. Lig. 7, 23: sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,id. Att. 7, 5, 5: judicium illud pecuniā esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92: cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause: fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,in the suit against,Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.
* Dependent on adjectives (rare): contra se ipse misericors,to his own injury,Phaedr. 4, 18, 3: severissimus judex contra fures,Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.
* With nouns.
* Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
* In gen.: sentire contra,Cic. Mil. 2, 5: pugnare contra bonos,id. Sull. 25, 71: contra eos summā ope nitebatur nobilitas,Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112: (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,Liv. 39, 32, 12.
* Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.: adversus, in): inire consilia contra,Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18: manum comparare contra aliquem,id. Sull. 24, 68: conjurationem facere,id. ib. 4, 12: congredi,id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4: aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3: nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,against her own offspringOv. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. β infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2: eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,operate against us,id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.: homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70: epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38: disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,to accuse, reproach a god,Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.
* Acc. to 1. b.: ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.
* Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
* Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor: quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.: Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,Gell. 10, 15, 3; so, haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221: orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,id. ib. 3, 56, 213.
* Acc. to 1. f.: contra patres concitatio et seditio,Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals: contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
* Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
* Of physical or moral exertion: cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,Verg. A. 10, 567: pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,Cic. Sen. 11, 35: contra verum niti,Sall. J. 35, 8: contra fortunam luctari,Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.
* Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. γ).
* Of legal contention.
* Adverbially with the predicate.
* Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
* Dependent on substt.
* Of public and political acts and speeches: contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,Cic. Brut. 44, 164: contra legem dicere or verba facere,id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1: rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de coloniā deducendā),Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.
* Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf. II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
* Ethically: contra voluptatem dicere,that pleasure is a moral evil,Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21: contra mortem loqui,that death is no evil,Sen. Ep. 82, 7; in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,id. ib. 100, 10: contra fortunam gloriari,that fortune has no power over him,Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.
* In gen.: senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,directed against,Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2: contra rem publicam se commovere,id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7: incitari,id. Sest. 47, 100: consilia inire,id. Agr. 2, 3, 8: conjurationem facere,Sall. C. 30, 6: contra salutem urbis incitari,Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20: cogitare aliquid contra salutem,id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech: esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91: ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuriā,do not array yourself against equity,Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.—Trop.: quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.
* In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.: si quis ad Antonium profectus esset ... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so, contra salutem rei publicae facere,Cic. Dom. 38, 102: contra majestatem,against the emperor,Dig. 48, 4, 5: contra leges,Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121: contra edictum (praetoris),Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1: contra foedus,Cic. Balb. 6, 16: contra jusjurandum ac fidem,id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically: tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.): corpus in civitatem inferri non licet ... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.
* With esse expressed as the predicate: hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45: contra leges or legem est,Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67: contra officium est,id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.: adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,unfavorable to the formation of fire,Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.
* With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood: scis hunc ... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13: aliquid contra animum audiendi,something against our liking,Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere: si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2.
* Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est: Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.
* In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.): eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic,Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22: imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,to reply to the demands,Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so, advocare contra,Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52: si contra mortem te praeparaveris,to meet death,id. ib. 11, 3, 8.
* With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.: quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78: contra hominis salutem,with danger to a man's life,Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.
* In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period; syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86: pecuniam contra leges auferre,Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56: contra legem,id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41: contra jus fasque,id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28: contra jus,Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34: contra jus gentium,Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6; 6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.: contra testimonium aliquid judicare,without regard to,Cic. Brut. 31, 117: aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,contrary to the rules of decency,id. Off. 1, 35, 128: aliquid contra fidem constituere,Quint. 5, 13, 34: quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,contrary to the dictates of passion,Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.
* Of physical strife: scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33.
* Of warfare: imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,Cic. Mur. 39, 83: Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.
* Of legal contention: causa contra scriptum,Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.
* Of political speaking: divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.
* Of literary opposition: Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.
* Of hostility, etc.: cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27: ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,Liv. 6, 40, 5.
* Of injury: vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.
* Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. γ): iter contra senatus auctoritatem,Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48: contra consuetudinem somnium,Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211: bonorum possessio contra tabulas,Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.
* Against persons.
* Dependent on verbs: cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45: contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,provided a great defence,id. Mur. 38, 81: formula quā utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals: contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,Pall. 10, 3, 2.
* Against inanimate and abstract things.
* Dependent on verbs: contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,Cic. Sen. 15, 51: propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102: publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9: contra tantas difficultates providere,Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so, contra ea,id. ib. 57, 5: patricii vi contra vim resistunt,Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.
* Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
* Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare; in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Ciliciā contra Syriam munitius,against an attack from the side of Syria,Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4: ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76: vir contra audaciam firmissimus,id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5: fortis contra dolorem,Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10: callosus,Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23: far contra hiemes firmissimum,id. 18, 8, 19, § 83: equus tenax contra vincula,Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13: contraque minantia fata pervigil,Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.
* Dependent on verbs: cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13: prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,id. 20, 13, 50, § 128: valet potum contra venena,id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.
* Dependent on substt.: remedium contra morsus,Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163: contra venena esse omnia remedio,id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.
* Dependent on adjectives: vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,Pall. 11, 14, 17.
* Appositively, as a remedy: cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat ... contra serpentes et venena,Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections: Tiberium tonante caelo coronari eā (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
* With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
* The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf. I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,but to me the contrary seems true,Sall. J. 85, 1: omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,and vice versa,Quint. 5, 10, 90.
* With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30: contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope: Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),Sall. J. 88, 1; so, cetera contra spem salva invenit,Liv. 9, 23, 17: contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45; but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3: postquam ... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,Sall. J. 20, 1: ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque ... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),id. ib. 46, 5: contra famam,Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180: segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity,id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons: frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,contrary to the opinion of the former physicians,Cels. 4, 26 (19).
* Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.): illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,whereas on the contrary,Lucr. 1, 81: cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),Cic. Sen. 23, 84: quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf. Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = quā re; v. Ritschl,Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).
* In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.: quos contra disputant,Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47: quem contra dicit,id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.): quem contra veneris,id. Mur. 4, 9: quas contra, praeter te, etc.,id. Vatin. 7, 18: eos ipsos quos contra statuas,id. Or. 10, 34: quos contra me senatus armavit,id. Att. 10, 8, 8: quam contra multa locutus est,Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.
* After other words (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,Lucr. 4, 471: dicere eos contra,id. 4, 484: donique eum contra,id. 5, 708: agmina contra,Verg. A. 12, 279: magnum Alciden contra,id. ib. 5, 414: Paridem contra,id. ib. 5, 370: Italiam contra,id. ib. 1, 13: deos contra,Ov. P. 1, 1, 26: Messania moenia contra,id. M. 14, 17: litora Calabriae contra,Tac. A. 3, 1.
* In comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
* Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
* Local.
* With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. γ, and II. E. 2. infra.
* Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
* Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. β, and I. A. 1. b. α supra).
* To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.; but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,Quint. 7, 3, 14: cum verba (legis) contra sint,id. 7, 1, 49: sed experimentum contra fuit,unsuccessful,Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.: ubi fortuna contra fuit,id. ib. 3, 18: si fortuna contra daret,should be unfavorable,id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
* Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
* Of things: hic ubi sol radiis ... Adversā fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1: quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres ... perfregere,Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.
* In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versā; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
* In post-Aug. prose (very rare): at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.
* In gen.: te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71: quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110: qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,make a victorious counter-charge,id. Mil. 2, 2, 37: si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54: audi nunc contra jam,listen in turn,id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23: at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,you likewise seem fortunate to me,id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21: Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,Liv. 1, 28, 1: contra ut me diligat illa,Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit: cui latrans contra senex,Phaedr. 5, 10, 7: scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.— Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.: contra talia reddit,Claud. B. Gild. 379.
* With dat. pers.: consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45: facere contra huic aegre,Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10: hiscine contra insidiabere?id. Hec. 1. 1, 13: tibi contra gratiam Referre,id. ib. 4, 2, 7.
* With item: item a me contra factum est,Plaut. Aul. prol. 20: puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.
* Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. α, and b. α): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words (face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt; Consonat terra,Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86: confer gradum Contra pariter,id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28: video amicam ... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243: vesper adest, juvenes consurgite! ... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!Cat. 62, 6.—(ε) Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20: si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,what counter gift,Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit ... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 ($3), 19, 5: si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1; Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,to bid in opposition,Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6: agedum pauca accipe contra,Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle: Numidae ... Romanorum ordines conturbare ... neque contra feriundi copia erat,Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat ... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies: oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: dicit accusator haec: primum, etc. ... quid contra reus?id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
* Of physical exertion.
* Lit.: concurrunt ... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,struggling against each other,Lucr. 6. 98: nec nos obniti contra ... Sufficimus,bear up, battle against,Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434: at ille contra nititur,resists,Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82: pars remigum, tamquam imperitiā ... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,rowed in an opposite direction,Tac. H. 4, 16.
* Of mental exertion: si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,arm yourself against them,Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.: siti contra ... pugnandum,Cels. 4, 2 fin.
* Of hostile opposition in gen.
* Lit.: quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,who made opposition in every way,Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107: contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,something inimical,id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.
* Of warfare.
* Lit.: ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.: quid quod exercitum contra duxit?Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23: ut si quā ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructā depugnarent,if they should be attacked by an open charge,Caes. B. G. 7, 28: issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum ... audissent,Liv. 7, 39, 17: cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,would oppose their march,Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.: et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,Tac. A. 11, 10.
* Of legal contests.
* With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.
* Of literary opposition.
* On the part of the adversary: inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.
* Of public and political opposition.
* Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. γ.
* Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153: si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,and if the contract was violated,Dig. 18, 1, 56.
* With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
* With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another: nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,no office was left for which to canvass against each other,Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91: honores contra petere,Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.: pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,Tac. A. 14, 45.
* Absol.
* Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings: cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,would speak on the other side,Cic. Quint. 24, 77: hoc ... contra dicente Cottā judicatum est,id. Caecin. 33, 97: dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus ... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary: contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos ... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, Quint. 4, 1, 8.
* With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings: ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1: ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,id. Fin. 5, 10, 27: aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections: ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),refute the objections,Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90: quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, ōrum, n. plur.: seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,or refute the objections,Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.: dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,the objection is made that there is no testament,Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.
* With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
* To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition: quam palam principes dixerunt contra!protested against it,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare: cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5: filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,the father objects,Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87: contradicente nullo,Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—(ε) To reply: contradixit edicto,answered by an edict,Suet. Aug. 56. —(ζ) Abl. absol. impers.: explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest,Dig. 1, 3, 34.
* With quin, to object: praetor Samnitibus respondit ... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,there was no objection to a reconciliation,Liv. 8, 2, 2.
* To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing: cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,opposed the opinions,Tac. H. 1, 39.
* To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner: patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,the father objects,Quint. 9, 2, 81: cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.
* With dat. of the petition: preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,which could not be denied,Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—(ε) To contest the validity of a law (rare): quibus (legibus) contradici potest,Quint. 7, 7, 4.—(ζ) To contradict an assertion (very rare): pro certis autem habemus ... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,Quint. 5, 10, 13.
* Of a direct contrast.
* Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite: quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,but experience teaches that just the contrary is true,Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088: in stultitiā contra est,with fools the reverse is true,Cic. Clu. 31, 84: in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49: quod contra est,Sall. J. 85, 21: quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4: contra fore si, etc.,ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2: immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),ib. 41, 3, 49: ego contra puto (i. e. esse),Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.
* Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versā, etc.
* Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
* To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.: nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.; quod contra, id turpe,id. Off. 1, 27, 94: sit sapienter usus aut contra,Quint. 2, 5, 15: lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),Col. 11, 3, 25.
* To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.: ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,improbable,Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7: quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.
* To a verbal predicate: an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),Dig. 34, 5, 19.
* To a subject infinitive: laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,praising or censuring a witness,Quint. 3, 7, 2.—(ε) To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative: quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quādam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,those that were not, not,Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse; mihi contra,id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filiā commissum? Et contra, veneficum in novercā, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—(ζ) To an attributive genitive: Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),Sall. J. 88, 2: verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),Quint. 2, 4, 21: alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,the accuser and the accused,id. 7, 2, 31; so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.
* With its own predicate: saepe ... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex aliā laetamur parte latenti; Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., (proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24: quae etiam contra valent,i. e. if the terms are reversed,id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.
* Belonging to the same predicate: ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,Cic. Or. 36, 123: cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,Dig. 35, 2, 48: in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71: junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,id. 1, 5, 68: ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,but with mares the reverse is the case,Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16: itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,Cic. Or. 42, 143: qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,or vice versā,Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
* In independent clauses.
* Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse ... perhibent philosophi ... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1: ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum ... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35: ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62: in Italiā bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro ... Hannibal contra in alienā, in hostili est terrā,Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11: contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214; so with versā vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt ... Contra Macedones versā vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,Just. 13, 1, 7.
* In opposition to a dependent clause: ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39: cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4: cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.: at contra,Lucr. 2, 392.
* With co-ordinate conjunctions.
* Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
* In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra
* With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
* With emphatic particles.
* With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
* At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore; At contra taetri absinthi natura ... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,Lucr. 2, 400: cogunt,id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur; at contra nobis tu quidem ... prae nobis beatus,Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5: ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines ... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.
* With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare; never contra enim): falso queritur de naturā suā genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23.
* Contra autem (rare; in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone: sub septemtrione aedificia ... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem ... sunt facienda,Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.
* Contra vero (very rare; not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin.—(ε) Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.
* Aut contra: num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit ... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18: si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.
* Vel contra: hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit ... quia magistratus?Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.
* Seu contra: seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,Prop. 1, 11, 25.
* In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.): aliis vero econtra videtur,Hier. Ep. 12.
* Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.): honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.
* Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies); not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum ... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos ... neminem plebeium,Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.
* Immo contra (post-Aug.).
* = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue: existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates? ... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.
* Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare): quoniam ... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. γ supra.
* Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
* With atque: item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6: simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69: judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.
* With ac: itaque contra est ac dicitis,Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41: vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137: cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,id. Phil. 11, 13, 34: Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magnā vi tendere, etc.,Sall. C. 60, 5.
* Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. γ infra); so always with quam: mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,contrary to the divine law,Cic. Clu. 5, 12: ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,contrary to its own resolution,id. Pis. 8, 18: contra quam ista causa postulasset,id. Caecin. 24, 67: contra quam sanctum legibus est,Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122: contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
* With quam (post-Aug.): cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 ($3), 8, 6: contra quam licet,id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.
* Local uses.
* Opposite, over against, facing.
* Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
* Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.: adversus, ad, e regione,Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
* With inanimate and abstract objects.
* Transf.
* Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
* Of places on the human body: id quod contra stomachum est,Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7; 4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea ... contra medium alvum orsa,Cels. 4, 1 fin.
* Of logical opposition.
* Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility): (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,towards,Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose: lege Corneliā de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,Dig. 48, 8, 4.
* Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum ... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.
* Against an opposing action, etc.: contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5: cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,Vitr. 1, 6, 8: ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54: contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,id. 35, 14, 48, § 169: capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. —Trop.: contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.: contra stimulum calces,kick against the pricks,Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.
* Of local actions with hostile intent.
* Lit.: quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12: Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),id. Att. 15, 20, 3: pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,to face you,id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26: a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62: Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood: terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite,Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.
* In partic.
* Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose: quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7: contra populi studium,Cic. Brut. 34, 126: contra civium perditorum ... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causā,id. ib. 79, 273; so, a mendacio contra veritatem,id. Inv. 1, 3, 4: contra cives in acie,id. Att. 16, 11, 2: et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,opposite,Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414: haec enim (ratio) sola ... stat contra fortunam,Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin.
* Contra aliquem ire: aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,Stat. Th. 9, 16.—Trop.: uti contra injurias armati eatis,Sall. J. 31, 6: interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. β infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.
* To persons placed together for comparison: C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,Quint. 10, 1, 114: CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.
* To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
* Lit. (very rare): quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue ... Si gravior est, leviorem rem ... feret, etc.,Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.
* Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summā Sacrā Viā ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter): numcubi hic vides citrum ... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,superb,id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.): oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,Petr. 7, 6.
* Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra: contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,Caes. B. G. 5, 29: contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4: quae contra breviter fata est vates,Verg. A. 6, 398: contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
* With verbs of hostile action.
* Of physical exertion: pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22: proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142.
* Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6: licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,injurious to,Quint. 4, 2, 75: res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives: nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112: quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.
* Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition: Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?or keep it against Caesar,Cic. Lig. 7, 23: sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,id. Att. 7, 5, 5: judicium illud pecuniā esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92: cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause: fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,in the suit against,Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.
* Dependent on adjectives (rare): contra se ipse misericors,to his own injury,Phaedr. 4, 18, 3: severissimus judex contra fures,Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.
* With nouns.
* Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
* In gen.: sentire contra,Cic. Mil. 2, 5: pugnare contra bonos,id. Sull. 25, 71: contra eos summā ope nitebatur nobilitas,Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112: (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,Liv. 39, 32, 12.
* Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.: adversus, in): inire consilia contra,Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18: manum comparare contra aliquem,id. Sull. 24, 68: conjurationem facere,id. ib. 4, 12: congredi,id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4: aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3: nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,against her own offspringOv. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. β infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2: eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,operate against us,id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.: homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70: epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38: disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,to accuse, reproach a god,Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.
* Acc. to 1. b.: ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.
* Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
* Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor: quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.: Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,Gell. 10, 15, 3; so, haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221: orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,id. ib. 3, 56, 213.
* Acc. to 1. f.: contra patres concitatio et seditio,Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals: contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
* Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
* Of physical or moral exertion: cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,Verg. A. 10, 567: pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,Cic. Sen. 11, 35: contra verum niti,Sall. J. 35, 8: contra fortunam luctari,Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.
* Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. γ).
* Of legal contention.
* Adverbially with the predicate.
* Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
* Dependent on substt.
* Of public and political acts and speeches: contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,Cic. Brut. 44, 164: contra legem dicere or verba facere,id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1: rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de coloniā deducendā),Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.
* Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf. II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
* Ethically: contra voluptatem dicere,that pleasure is a moral evil,Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21: contra mortem loqui,that death is no evil,Sen. Ep. 82, 7; in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,id. ib. 100, 10: contra fortunam gloriari,that fortune has no power over him,Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.
* In gen.: senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,directed against,Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2: contra rem publicam se commovere,id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7: incitari,id. Sest. 47, 100: consilia inire,id. Agr. 2, 3, 8: conjurationem facere,Sall. C. 30, 6: contra salutem urbis incitari,Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20: cogitare aliquid contra salutem,id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech: esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91: ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuriā,do not array yourself against equity,Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.—Trop.: quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.
* In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.: si quis ad Antonium profectus esset ... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so, contra salutem rei publicae facere,Cic. Dom. 38, 102: contra majestatem,against the emperor,Dig. 48, 4, 5: contra leges,Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121: contra edictum (praetoris),Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1: contra foedus,Cic. Balb. 6, 16: contra jusjurandum ac fidem,id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically: tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.): corpus in civitatem inferri non licet ... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.
* With esse expressed as the predicate: hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45: contra leges or legem est,Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67: contra officium est,id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.: adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,unfavorable to the formation of fire,Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.
* With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood: scis hunc ... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13: aliquid contra animum audiendi,something against our liking,Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere: si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2.
* Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est: Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.
* In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.): eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic,Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22: imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,to reply to the demands,Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so, advocare contra,Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52: si contra mortem te praeparaveris,to meet death,id. ib. 11, 3, 8.
* With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.: quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78: contra hominis salutem,with danger to a man's life,Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.
* In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period; syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86: pecuniam contra leges auferre,Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56: contra legem,id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41: contra jus fasque,id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28: contra jus,Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34: contra jus gentium,Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6; 6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.: contra testimonium aliquid judicare,without regard to,Cic. Brut. 31, 117: aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,contrary to the rules of decency,id. Off. 1, 35, 128: aliquid contra fidem constituere,Quint. 5, 13, 34: quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,contrary to the dictates of passion,Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.
* Of physical strife: scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33.
* Of warfare: imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,Cic. Mur. 39, 83: Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.
* Of legal contention: causa contra scriptum,Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.
* Of political speaking: divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.
* Of literary opposition: Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.
* Of hostility, etc.: cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27: ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,Liv. 6, 40, 5.
* Of injury: vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.
* Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. γ): iter contra senatus auctoritatem,Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48: contra consuetudinem somnium,Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211: bonorum possessio contra tabulas,Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.
* Against persons.
* Dependent on verbs: cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45: contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,provided a great defence,id. Mur. 38, 81: formula quā utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals: contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,Pall. 10, 3, 2.
* Against inanimate and abstract things.
* Dependent on verbs: contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,Cic. Sen. 15, 51: propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102: publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9: contra tantas difficultates providere,Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so, contra ea,id. ib. 57, 5: patricii vi contra vim resistunt,Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.
* Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
* Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare; in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Ciliciā contra Syriam munitius,against an attack from the side of Syria,Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4: ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76: vir contra audaciam firmissimus,id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5: fortis contra dolorem,Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10: callosus,Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23: far contra hiemes firmissimum,id. 18, 8, 19, § 83: equus tenax contra vincula,Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13: contraque minantia fata pervigil,Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.
* Dependent on verbs: cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13: prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,id. 20, 13, 50, § 128: valet potum contra venena,id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.
* Dependent on substt.: remedium contra morsus,Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163: contra venena esse omnia remedio,id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.
* Dependent on adjectives: vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,Pall. 11, 14, 17.
* Appositively, as a remedy: cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat ... contra serpentes et venena,Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections: Tiberium tonante caelo coronari eā (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
* With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
* The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf. I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,but to me the contrary seems true,Sall. J. 85, 1: omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,and vice versa,Quint. 5, 10, 90.
* With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30: contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope: Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),Sall. J. 88, 1; so, cetera contra spem salva invenit,Liv. 9, 23, 17: contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45; but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3: postquam ... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,Sall. J. 20, 1: ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque ... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),id. ib. 46, 5: contra famam,Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180: segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity,id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons: frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,contrary to the opinion of the former physicians,Cels. 4, 26 (19).
* Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.): illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,whereas on the contrary,Lucr. 1, 81: cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),Cic. Sen. 23, 84: quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf. Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = quā re; v. Ritschl,Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).
* In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.: quos contra disputant,Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47: quem contra dicit,id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.): quem contra veneris,id. Mur. 4, 9: quas contra, praeter te, etc.,id. Vatin. 7, 18: eos ipsos quos contra statuas,id. Or. 10, 34: quos contra me senatus armavit,id. Att. 10, 8, 8: quam contra multa locutus est,Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.
* After other words (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,Lucr. 4, 471: dicere eos contra,id. 4, 484: donique eum contra,id. 5, 708: agmina contra,Verg. A. 12, 279: magnum Alciden contra,id. ib. 5, 414: Paridem contra,id. ib. 5, 370: Italiam contra,id. ib. 1, 13: deos contra,Ov. P. 1, 1, 26: Messania moenia contra,id. M. 14, 17: litora Calabriae contra,Tac. A. 3, 1.
Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary
See also:
Contra
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