(P. a.) : con-firmo, āvi, ātum, 1
* V. a., to make firm, establish, strengthen, confirm (class., esp. in prose).
* In gen. (prop. and trop.): stipites confirmare et stabilire,Caes. B. G. 7, 73: ali hōc vires nervosque confirmari putant,id. ib. 6, 21: dentis mobilis,Plin. 28, 11, 49, § 178; cf. Scrib. Comp. 57; 59 sq.: confirmare et densare defluentem capillum,Plin. 25, 11, 83, § 132: crus debile,Suet. Vesp. 7; cf. id. Aug. 80: maxime religando confirmant parietum soliditatem,Vitr. 2, 8, 7: castellum magnis munitionibus multisque tormentis, Auct. B. Alex. 21, 5: intestina,i. e. to heal, cure,Cels. 4, 19: cicatriculam,id. 2, 10 fin.: se, to recover physically, to grow well (corresp. with convalescere), Cic. Fam. 16, 1, 2; 16, 3, 1; 16, 4, 4; 16, 1, 1.—Transf., of the vine, Col. 4, 3, 4: valetudinem,Cic. Att. 10, 17, 2: pacem et amicitiam cum proximis civitatibus,Caes. B. G. 1, 3; cf.: confirmare societatem datā ac acceptā fide,Sall. C. 44, 3: opes factionis,id. ib. 32, 2; cf.: viris suas,Vell. 2, 44, 2: suam manum,Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 24: se transmarinis auxiliis,Caes. B. C. 1, 29: conjurationem,Nep. Dion, 8, 3: regnum Persarum,id. Milt. 3, 5; so, regnum,Suet. Caes. 9: imperium,id. Vit. 9: decreta,to confirm,Nep. Phoc. 3, 2: acta Caesaris,Cic. Att. 16, 16, C, 12: acta alicujus in transmarinis provinciis,Vell. 2, 44, 2: beneficia edicto,Suet. Tit. 8: provinciam a Caesare datam,id. Aug. 10.
* Esp.
* To confirm or strengthen courage, to instil courage into one, to encourage, inspirit, animate, embolden: animum meum,to take heart, take courage,Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 1: animum sapientissimi hominis,Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2; id. Quint. 24, 77: maximi animi hominem,id. ib. 4, 8, 1: animos ratione,Lucr. 1, 426: confirmare et excitare afflictos animos bonorum,Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8: animos Gallorum verbis,Caes. B. G. 1, 33; Sall. C. 46, 3: vacillantium gentium animos,Vell. 2, 120, 1: suos ad dimicandum animo,Caes. B. G. 5, 49: milites,id. ib. 5, 52: timentes,id. ib. 7, 7; cf.: diffidentem rebus suis,Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23: territos,Sall. J. 38, 5: perterritos,Suet. Caes. 66; id. Aug. 43: Massilienses obsidione laborantes adventu suo,id. Ner. 2: animum suum ad virtutem,Auct. Her. 4, 22, 31 Klotz (al. conformavit): nepotem suum ad successionem imperii,Suet. Tib. 55 fin.: nunc erige te et confirma,take courage,Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 5: cum ipse te confirmasses,hast acquired courage,id. Quint. 11, 39; cf.: confirmant ipsi se,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 95; Caes. B. G. 2, 19; id. B. C. 1, 14 al.: eos multa pollicendo confirmat, uti Romam pergerent,Sall. J. 23, 2: alius alium confirmare, ne nomina darent,Liv. 2, 24, 2.—Aliquem alicui rei: gladiatores Lentulus libertati confirmat, encourages them to freedom, i. e. incites them to make themselves worthy of freedom, Caes. B. C. 1, 14, 4 dub. (Dinter and Kraner: spe libertatis).—With abstr. objects: reliqui temporis spem,Cic. Div. in Caecil. 22, 71: spem alicujus,Suet. Calig. 12: suspitionem,id. Tib. 52; cf.: sensus rectus et confirmatus,Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 2.
* To confirm one in his disposition or feelings, in his fidelity (rare): insulas bene animatas,Nep. Cim. 2, 4: homines,Caes. B. C. 1, 15: Gallias,Vell. 2, 120.
* To confirm, give full assurance of, a fact, corroborate an assertion, settle, fix, establish, to prove, demonstrate the truth of a thing, etc. (very freq.): confirmare nostra argumentis ac rationibus, deinde contraria refutare,Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 80; so opp. refutare,Quint. 5, prooem. § 2; 5, 13, 53; cf. opp. refellere,id. 3, 9, 6; 12, 1, 45; opp. diluere,id. 9, 2, 80: confirmare aut infirmare rem,Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49: divinationem,id. Div. 1, 32, 71; cf. id. ib. 2, 32, 78: quorum omnium testimoniis de hac Dionis pecuniā confirmatum est,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 23: crimen commenticium,id. Rosc. Am. 15, 42: haec istius vituperatio atque infamia confirmabatur eorum sermone, qui, etc.,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 101: perjurium,id. ib. 2, 4, 9, § 19: iste locus est tibi etiam atque etiam confirmandus,id. Fin. 5, 32, 95: his rebus confirmatis,Caes. B. G. 6, 6 Kraner ad loc. —With acc. and inf., Lucr. 2, 185; cf. id. 2, 179; 5, 198.—Pass. impers., with ne: sanctissimo jurejurando confirmari oportere, ne tecto recipiatur, qui non, etc.,Caes. B. G. 7, 66 fin.: hoc idem visum esse ex superioribus castellis confirmaverunt,id. B. C. 3, 67; cf.: hoc ex ipsis caeli rationibus ausim Confirmare, nequaquam esse creatam, etc.,Lucr. 2, 179.—Hence
* To assert, affirm, protest something as true or certain; constr. with acc., acc. and inf., or de: hoc cum mihi non modo confirmasset, sed etiam persuasisset,Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2: talem exsistere eloquentiam non potuisse confirmo,id. de Or. 2, 2, 6.—So with acc. and inf., Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 50; cf.: illud se polliceri et jurejurando confirmare, tutum iter per fines suos daturum,Caes. B. G. 5, 27: confirmare, fidem publicam per sese inviolatam fore,Sall. J. 33, 3: memini me audire te de glorioso et celeri reditu meo confirmare,Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2.—So with de, Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 1; id. Arch. 7, 15.—Hence, confirmātus, a, um
* (In acc. with II. A.) Encouraged, courageous, resolute: animus certus et confirmatus,Cic. Quint. 24, 77; so, sensus rectus et confirmatus,id. Fam. 1, 8, 2: confirmatiorem exercitum efficere,Caes. B. C. 3, 84.
* (Acc. to II. C.) Asserted, affirmed: in quibus (litteris) erat confirmatius idem illud, etc.,Cic. Att. 10, 15, 1.
* (Proved; hence,) Certain, credible: quod eo confirmatius erit, si, etc.,Cic. Inv. 2, 11, 35: fides confirmatissima, most fixed, Porph. ad Hor. S. 1, 5, 27.—* Adv.: confirmātē (in acc. with I.), firmly, Auct. Her. 4, 11, 16.

s. TLL