(adjective) : castrum, i, n.kindred with casa, q. v..
* In sing., any fortified place; a castle, fort, fortress (more rare than castellum): ei Grunium dederat in Phrygiā castrum, etc.,Nep. Alcib. 9, 3; Liv. 32. 29, 4; Dig. 27, 1, 17 fin.
* Esp., nom. propr.
* In plur.: castra, ōrum, n. (castra, ae, f.: castra haec vestra est, Att. ap. Non. p. 200, 30; Trag. Rel. p. 238 Rib.).
* Castrum Inui, or simply Castrum, an ancient city of the Rutuli, near Ardea, Verg. A. 6, 775; called Castrum,Ov. M. 15, 727; Sil. 8, 359.
* Castrum Novum, a city on the seacoast of Etruria, Liv. 36, 3, 6; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 51.
* Another Castrum Novum, on the sea-coast of Picenum, now Giulia Nova, Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110; also called absol. Castrum, Vell. 1, 14, 8.
* Castrum Truentinum, a maritime city of Picenum, on the river Truentus, Cic. Att. 8, 12, B, 1; also called Truentum,Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110.
* Castrum Vergium, a fortress of the Bergistani in Hispania Tarraconensis, now Berga, Liv. 34, 21, 1.—Far more freq.
* Lit., several soldiers' tents situated together; hence, a military camp, an encampment; among the Romans a square (quadrata); later, after the manner of the Greeks, sometimes circular, or adjusted to its situation,Veg. Mil. 1, 23. It was surrounded by a trench (fossa) and a wall (vallum), and had four gates: Porta Praetoria, the front, chief gate, on the opp. side from the enemy, from which the legions marched; opp. to this, Porta Decumana (in later times Porta Quaestoria), the back gate; Porta Principalis Dextra, and Porta Principalis Sinistra, situated on the two sides of the camp,Liv. 40, 27, 4 sq.; cf. Dict. of Antiq.
* Phrases.
* Esp. as nom. propr., like castrum.
* With verb: locum castris antecapere,Sall. J. 50, 1; cf.: capere locum castris,Liv. 4, 27, 3; 9, 17, 15; and montes castris capere,Tac. A. 12, 55: castra metari, Cael. ap. Non. p. 137, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 15 al.: facere,Caes. B. G. 1, 48; Nep. Milt. 5, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29 al.: ponere,Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 35; Nep. Hann. 5 fin.: ponere et munire,Sall. J. 75, 7: munire,Caes. B. G. 1, 49; Liv. 44, 39, 1: communire,Caes. B. G. 5, 49; Liv. 23, 28, 3: castra castris conferre,id. 10, 32, 5; 23, 28, 9: castris se tenere,Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8: castra movere,to break up, to decamp,id. ib. 1, 39 fin.; also syn. with to march forth from a camp, id. ib. 1, 15 Herz.; 1, 22; 2, 2; Sall. C. 57, 3; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Eum. 12 fin. et saep.—Hence, also, promovere, Caes. B. G. 1, 48: movere retro,Liv. 2, 58, 3: removere,id. 9, 24, 4: proferre,Caes. B. C. 1, 81: castris castra inferre,Enn. Trag. 201 Vahl.
* Meton.
* Castrorum filius, a surname of Caligula, who was brought up in the camp, Suet. Calig. 22; Aur. Vict. Caes. 3.—So, Castrorum mater, an appellation of Faustina, the wife of the emperor Marcus Aurelius, because she accompanied him in an expedition against the Quadi, Capitol. Marc. Aur. 26.—Hence both appell. in later inscriptions as titles of the Roman emperors and empresses.
* Castra Corneliana or Cornelia, on the north coast of Africa, near Utica, so called because the elder Scipio Africanus first pitched his camp there, after his landing in Africa, in the second Punic war, Caes. B. C. 2, 24; 2, 25; 2, 37; Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 24.
* Castra Caecilia, in Lusitania, Plin. 4, 22, 35, § 117.
* Castra Hannibalis, a seaport town in Bruttium, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95.
* Castra Pyrrhi, a place in Grecian Illyria, Liv. 32, 13, 2.
* Castra Vetera or Vetera, a place on the Lower Rhine, now Xanthen, Tac. H. 4, 18; 4, 21; 4, 35; id. A. 1, 45.
* Castra Alexandri, a district in Egypt, Curt. 4, 7, 2; Oros. 1, 2.
* Since, in military expeditions, a camp was pitched each evening, in the histt. (esp. Livy) for a day's march: secundis castris ( = bidui itinere) pervenit ad Dium,Liv. 44, 7, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 15; cf.: alteris castris,Liv. 38, 13, 2; Curt. 3, 7.— So tertiis castris,Liv. 38, 13, 11; 38, 24, 1; Tac. H. 4, 71: quartis castris,Liv. 44, 46, 10: quintis castris,Caes. B. G. 7, 36; Liv. 28, 19, 4: septimis castris,id. 40, 22, 1: decimis castris,id. 27, 32 fin.; 28, 33, 1.
* Military service (hence, often opp. forum and toga), Nep. Epam. 5, 4; Vell. 2, 125, 4; Tib. 4, 1, 39: qui magnum in castris usum habebant,Caes. B. G. 1, 39.
* Of beehives: cerea,Verg. A. 12, 589: in apium castris,Pall. 1, 37, 4.
* Of a sheepfold, Col. 6, 23, 3.
* Of political parties, regarded as arrayed in hostility: si ad interdicti sententiam confugis... in meis castris praesidiisque versaris,Cic. Caecin. 29, 83.
* Of philosophical sects: Epicuri castra,Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 1: O castra praeclara (Epicuri)!id. ib. 7, 12, 1; Hor. C. 3, 16, 23; Sen. Ep. 2, 4.

s. TLL