căpŭt | kăp-căpud (noun N) : (), (
* Abl. sing. regularly capite: capiti,Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. κεφ-αλή; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt.
* The head, of men and animals: oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6: tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so, cano capite,id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and: capitis nives,Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.: raso capite calvus,Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306: irraso,id. Rud. 5, 2, 16: intonsum,Quint. 12, 10, 47: amputare alicui,Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9: capite operto,Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34: obvoluto,id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz: caput aperire,id. ib.: abscindere cervicibus,id. ib. 11, 2, 5: demittere,Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503: extollere,to become bold,Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one's head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.
* Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one's head, i. e. to be at one's very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7: ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,over head and ears,Cat. 17, 9: nec caput nec pedes,neither beginning nor end, good for nothing,Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.
* Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. κάρα, κεφαλή, , in the same signif.; v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37: hoc conruptum'st caput,id. Ep. 1, 1, 85: siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25: ridiculum caput!Ter. And. 2, 2, 34: festivum,id. Ad. 2, 3, 8: lepidum,id. ib. 5, 9, 9: carum,Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2: liberum,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79: vilia,Liv. 25, 6, 9: viliora,id. 9, 26, 22: vilissima,id. 24, 5, 13: ignota,id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6: liberorum servorumque,id. 29, 29, 3 al.—In imprecations: istic capiti dicito,Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.: vae capiti tuo,id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals: capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,souls,Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15: quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also , for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.: in singulos,id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax: exactio capitum,Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so, capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.
* Trop.
* Transf., of inanimate things.
* In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end): ulpici,Cato, R. R. 71: allii,Col. 6, 34, 1: porri,id. 11, 3, 17: papaveris,Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437: bulborum,Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94: caulis,id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.: jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.: extorum,Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5: tignorum,Caes. B. C. 2, 9: columnae,Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13: molis,the highest point of the mole,Curt. 4, 2, 23: xysti,Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20: porticus,id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.
* Esp., of rivers
* The origin, source, spring (head): caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6: fontium,Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.
* Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51: vitis,id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.
* Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.—Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370.
* Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.
* Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9; hence, facere,to come to a head,Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.
* Life, and specif.
* Physical life: carum,Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26: si capitis res siet,if it is a matter of life and death,id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one's life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.: capitis poena,capital punishment,Caes. B. G. 7, 71: pactum pro capite pretium,Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107: cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,id. ib. 1, 12, 38: cum dimicatione capitis,id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.: suo capite decernere,id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5: caput offerre pro patriā,Cic. Sull. 30, 84: patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,Ov. M. 8, 94; so, capitis accusare,to accuse of a capital crime,Nep. Paus. 2 fin.: absolvere,id. Milt. 7, 6: damnare,id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1: tergo ac capite puniri,Liv. 3, 55, 14: caput Jovi sacrum,id. 3, 55, 7: sacratum,id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.
* Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem; cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15: capitis minor,Hor. C. 3, 5, 42: servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.
* The first or chief person or thing, the head, leader, chief, guide (very freq.).
* With gen.: scelerum,an arrant knave,Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54: perjuri,id. ib. 4, 4, 55: concitandorum Graecorum,Cic. Fl. 18, 42: consilil,Liv. 8, 31, 7: conjurationis,id. 9, 26, 7: caput rei Romanae Camillus,id. 6, 3, 1; cf.: caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13: reipublicae,Tac. A. 1, 13: nominis Latini,heads, chiefs,Liv. 1, 52, 4: belli,id. 45, 7, 3: Suevorum,chieftribe,Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.: capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,Liv. 10, 1, 3.
* With esse and dat.: ego caput fui argento reperiundo,Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.: illic est huic rei caput,author, contriver,Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.
* Absol.: urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42: corpori valido caput deerat,guide, leader,Liv. 5, 46, 5: esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.; thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,head, first city,Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.: pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.: Romam caput Latio esse,id. 8, 4, 5; and: brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr.—Of other localities: castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,the head, principal place,Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things: jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,the principal dish,Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25: patrimonii publici,id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132: caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam; ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87: litterarum,summary, purport, substance,id. Phil. 2, 31, 77: caput Epicuri,the fundamental principle, dogma,id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.: a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32: id quod caput est,Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors; opp. usurae),Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

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