(v. n.adj.adj.) : cădo, cĕcĭdi, cāsum, 3 (
* Part. pres. gen. plur. cadentūm, Verg. A. 10, 674; 12, 410), v. n. cf. Sanscr. çad-, to fall away.
* Lit.
* In an extended sense, to be driven or carried by one's weight from a higher to a lower point, to fall down, be precipitated, sink down, go down, sink, fall (so mostly poet.; in prose, in place of it, the compounds decĭdo, occĭdo, excĭdo, etc.; cf. also ruo, labor; opp. surgo, sto): tum arbores in te cadent,Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 25: (aves) praecipites cadunt in terram aut in aquam, fall headlong to the earth or into the water, Lucr. 6, 745; cf. id. 6, 828; imitated by Verg.: (apes) praecipites cadunt,Verg. G. 4, 80: nimbus, Ut picis e caelo demissum flumen, in undas Sic cadit, etc.,Lucr. 6, 258: cadit in terras vis flammea,id. 2, 215; so with in, id. 2, 209; 4, 1282; 6, 1006; 6, 1125; Prop. 4 (5), 4, 64. in patrios pedes,Ov. F. 2, 832.—With a different meaning: omnes plerumque cadunt in vulnus,in the direction of, towards their wound,Lucr. 4, 1049; cf.: prolapsa in vulnus moribunda cecidit,Liv. 1, 58, 11: cadit in vultus,Ov. M. 5, 292: in pectus,id. ib. 4, 579.—Less freq. with ad: ad terras,Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216: ad terram,Quint. 5, 10, 84.—The place from which is designated by ab, ex, de: a summo cadere,Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 15: a mento cadit manus,Ov. F. 3, 20: aves ab alto,Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 112: ut cadat (avis) e regione loci,Lucr. 6, 824: ex arbore,Plin. 17, 20, 34, § 148; Dig. 50, 16, 30, § 4; 18, 1, 80, § 2: cecidisse de equo dicitur,Cic. Clu. 62, 175: cadere de equo,Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 125 (for which Caesar, Nepos, and Pliny employ decidere): de manibus arma cecidissent,Cic. Phil. 14, 7, 21; cf.: de manibus civium delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,id. Off. 1, 22, 77: cadunt altis de montibus umbrae,Verg. E. 1, 84: de caelo,Lucr. 5, 791; Ov. M. 2, 322: de matre (i. e. nasci),Claud. in Rufin. 1, 92.—With per: per inane profundum,Lucr. 2, 222: per aquas,id. 2, 230: per salebras altaque saxa,Mart. 11, 91; cf.: imbre per indignas usque cadente genas,Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 18.—With the adverb altius: altius atque cadant summotis nubibus imbres, and poured forth from a greater height, etc., Verg. E. 6, 38.—And absol.: folia nunc cadunt,Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 24; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 12; Lucr. 6, 297: ut pluere in multis regionibus et cadere imbres,id. 6, 415: cadens nix,id. 3, 21; 3, 402: velut si prolapsus cecidisset,Liv. 1, 56, 12: quaeque ita concus sa est, ut jam casura putetur, Ov. P. 2, 3, 59: cadentem Sustinuisse,id. M. 8, 148: saepius, of epileptics,Plin. Val. 12, 58: casuri, si leviter excutiantur, flosculi,Quint. 12, 10, 73.
* Trop.
* In a more restricted sense.
* To lose all one's strength, worth, value, etc., to fall, to perish, vanish, decay, cease.
* Of a stream, to fall, empty itself: amnis Aretho cadit in sinum maris,Liv. 38, 4, 3; 38, 13, 6; 44, 31, 4: flumina in pontum cadent,Sen. Med. 406: flumina in Hebrum cadentia,Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 50: tandem in alterum amnem cadit,Curt. 6, 4, 6.
* Rhet. and gram. t. t. of words, syllables, clauses, etc., to be terminated, end, close: verba melius in syllabas longiores cadunt,Cic. Or. 57, 194; 67, 223: qua (littera sc. m) nullum Graece verbum cadit, Quint. 12, 10, 31: plerique censent cadere tantum numerose oportere terminarique sententiam,Cic. Or. 59, 199; so id. Brut. 8, 34: apto cadens oratio,Quint. 9, 4, 32: numerus opportune cadens,id. 9, 4, 27: ultima syllaba in gravem vel duas graves cadit semper,id. 12, 10, 33 Spald.: similiter cadentia = όμοιόπτωτα, the ending of words with the same cases or verbal forms, diff. from similiter desinentia = όμοιοτέλευτα, similar endings of any kind, Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 206; id. Or. 34, 135; Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28; Quint. 9, 4, 42; cf. id. 9, 4, 18; 9, 3, 78; 9, 3, 79; 1, 7, 23; Aquil. Rom. Figur. §§ 25 and 26.
* Alicui (alicujus) ad pedes, to fall at one's feet in supplication, etc. (post-class. for abicio, proicio), Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 19; Eutr. 4, 7; Aug. Serm. 143, 4; Vulg. Joan. 11, 32 al.
* Super collum allcujus, to embrace (late Lat.), Vulg. Luc. 15, 20.
* To fall, to fall down, drop, fall to, be precipitated, etc.; to sink down, to sink, settle (the usual class. signif. in prose and poetry): cadere in plano,Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 17 sq.: deorsum,Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 89: uspiam,Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 12: Brutus, velut si prolapsus cecidisset,Liv. 1, 56, 12; cf. id. 5, 21, 16; 1, 58, 12: dum timent, ne aliquando cadant, semper jacent,Quint. 8, 5, 32: sinistrā manu sinum ad ima crura deduxit (Caesar), quo honestius caderet,Suet. Caes. 82: cadere supinus,id. Aug. 43 fin.: in pectus pronus,Ov. M. 4, 579: cadunt toti montes,Lucr. 6, 546: radicitus exturbata (pinus) prona cadit,Cat. 64, 109: concussae cadunt urbes,Lucr. 5, 1236: casura moenia Troum,Ov. M. 13, 375; id. H. 13, 71: multaque praeterea ceciderunt moenia magnis motibus in terris,Lucr. 6, 588: languescunt omnia membra; bracchia palpebraeque cadunt,their arms and eyelids fall,id. 4, 953; 3, 596; so, ceciderunt artus,id. 3, 453: sed tibi tamen oculi, voltus, verba cecidissent,Cic. Dom. 52, 133; cf.: oculos vigiliā fatigatos cadentesque in opere detineo,Sen. Ep. 8, 1: patriae cecidere manus,Verg. A. 6, 33: cur facunda parum decoro Inter verba cadit lingua silentio?Hor. C. 4, 1, 36: cecidere illis animique manusque,Ov. M. 7, 347; Val. Fl. 1, 300; cf. II. F. infra.
* In a pregn. signif. (as in most langg., to fall in battle, to die), to fall so as to be unable to rise, to fall dead, to fall, die (opp. vivere), Prop. 2 (3), 28, 42.(usu. of those who die in battle; hence most freq. in the histt.): hostes crebri cadunt,Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 79 sq.: aut in acie cadendum fuit aut in aliquas insidias incidendum,Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 3; Curt. 4, 1, 28; Ov. M. 7, 142: ut cum dignitate potius cadamus quam cum ignominiā serviamus,Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 35: pauci de nostris cadunt,Caes. B. G. 1, 15; id. B. C. 3, 53: optimus quisque cadere aut sauciari,Sall. J. 92, 8; so id. C. 60, 6; id. J. 54, 10; Nep. Paus. 1, 2; id. Thras. 2, 7; id. Dat. 1, 2; 6, 1; 8, 3; Liv. 10, 35, 15 and 19; 21, 7, 10; 23, 21, 7; 29, 14, 8; Tac. G. 33; Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 27; Ov. M. 7, 142: per acies,Tac. A. 1, 2: pro patriā,Quint. 2, 15, 29: ante diem,Verg. A. 4, 620: bipenni,Ov. M. 12, 611: ense,Val. Fl. 1, 812.—Not in battle: inque pio cadit officio,Ov. M. 6, 250.—With abl. of means or instrument: suoque Marte (i. e. suā manu) cadunt,Ov. M. 3, 123; cf. Tac. A. 3, 42 fin.: suā manu cecidit,fell by his own hand,id. ib. 15, 71: exitu voluntario,id. H. 1, 40: muliebri fraude cadere,id. A. 2, 71: cecidere justā Morte Centauri, cecidit tremendae Flamma Chimaerae, Hor. C. 4, 2, 14 sq.: manu femineā,Sen. Herc. Oet. 1179: femineo Marte,Ov. M. 12, 610.—With abl. of agent with ab: torqueor, infesto ne vir ab hoste cadat,should be slain by,Ov. H. 9, 36; so id. M. 5, 192; Suet. Oth. 5: a centurione volneribus adversis tamquam in pugnā,Tac. A. 16, 9.—And without ab: barbarae postquam cecidere turmae Thessalo victore,Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; imitated by Claudian, IV. Cons. Hon. 89; Grat. Cyn. 315.
* Of victims, to be slain or offered, to be sacrificed, to fall (poet.): multa tibi ante aras nostrā cadet hostia dextrā,Verg. A. 1, 334: si tener pleno cadit haedus anno,Hor. C. 3, 18, 5; Tib. 1, 1, 23; 4, 1, 15; Ov. M. 7, 162; 13, 615; id. F. 4, 653.
* In mal. part., = succumbo, to yield to, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 104; Tib. 4, 10, 2; Sen. Contr. 1, 3, 7.
* Matre cadens, just born (poet.), Val. Fl. 1, 355; cf. of the custom of laying the new-born child at the father's feet: tellure cadens. Stat. S. 1, 2, 209; 5, 5, 69.
* To come or fall under, to fall, to be subject or exposed to something (more rare than its compound incidere, but class.); constr. usually with sub or in, sometimes with ad: sub sensus cadere nostros,i. e. to be perceived by the senses,Lucr. 1, 448: sub sensum,Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48: in cernendi sensum. id. Tim. 3: sub oculos,id. Or. 3, 9: in conspectum,to become visible,id. Tusc. 1, 22, 50: sub aurium mensuram,id. Or. 20, 67: sponte suā (genus humanum) cecidit sub leges artaque jura,subjected itself to law and the force of right,Lucr. 5, 1146; so id. 3, 848: ad servitia,Liv. 1, 40, 3: utrorum ad regna,Lucr. 3, 836; so, sub imperium dicionemque Romanorum,Cic. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2): in potestatem unius,id. Att. 8, 3, 2: in cogitationem,to suggest itself to the thoughts,id. N. D. 1, 9, 21: in hominum disceptationem,id. de Or. 2, 2, 5: in deliberationem,id. Off. 1, 3, 9: in offensionem alicujus,id. N. D. 1, 30, 85: in morbum,id. Tusc. 1, 32, 79: in suspitionem alicujus,Nep. Paus. 2, 6: in calumniam,Quint. 9, 4, 57: abrupte cadere in narrationem,id. 4, 1, 79: in peccatum,Aug. in Psa. 65, 13.
* In gen.: in or sub aliquem or aliquid, to belong to any object, to be in accordance with, agree with, refer to, be suitable to, to fit, suit, become (so esp. freq. in philos. and rhet. lang.): non cadit in hos mores, non in hunc pudorem, non in hanc vitam, non in hunc hominem ista suspitio,Cic. Sull. 27, 75: cadit ergo in bonum virum mentiri, emolumenti sui causā?id. Off. 3, 20, 81; so id. Cael. 29, 69; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56: haec Academica... in personas non cadebant,id. Att. 13, 19, 5: qui pedes in orationem non cadere quī possunt?id. Or. 56, 188: neque in unam formam cadunt omnia,id. ib. 11, 37; 57, 191; 27, 95; id. de Or. 3, 47, 182; Quint. 3, 7, 6; 4, 2, 37; 4, 2, 93; 6, prooem. § 5; 7, 2, 30 and 31; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 82: heu, cadit in quemquam tantum scelus?Verg. E. 9, 17; Cic. Or. 27, 95; 11, 37; Quint. 3, 5, 16; 3, 6, 91; 5, 10, 30; 6, 3, 52; 7, 2, 31; 9, 1, 7; 9, 3, 92: hoc quoque in rerum naturam cadit, ut, etc.,id. 2, 17, 32: in iis rebus, quae sub eandem rationem cadunt,Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 47; Quint. 8, 3, 56.
* To fall upon a definite time (rare): considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4: in id saeculum Romuli cecidit aetas, cum, etc.,id. Rep. 2, 10, 18.—Hence, in mercantile lang., of payments, to fall due: in eam diem cadere (were due) nummos, qui a Quinto debentur, Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4.
* (Acc. to I. 1. e.) Alicui, to fall to one (as by lot), fall to one's lot, happen to one, befall; and absol. (for accidere), to happen, come to pass, occur, result, turn out, fall out (esp. in an unexpected manner; cf. accido; very freq. in prose and poetry).
* Alicui: nihil ipsis jure incommodi cadere possit,Cic. Quint. 16, 51: hoc cecidit mihi peropportune, quod, etc.,id. de Or. 2, 4, 15; id. Att. 3, 1: insperanti mihi, cecidit, ut, etc.,id. de Or. 1, 21, 96; id. Att. 8, 3, 6; id. Mil. 30, 81: mihi omnia semper honesta et jucunda ceciderunt,id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1: sunt, quibus ad portas cecidit custodia sorti,Verg. G. 4, 165: haec aliis maledicta cadant,Tib. 1, 6, 85: neu tibi pro vano verba benigna cadunt,Prop. 1, 10, 24: ut illis... voluptas cadat dura inter saepe pericla,Hor. S. 1, 2, 40: verba cadentia, uttered at random, id. Ep. 1, 18, 12.
* To fall, to become less (in strength, power, worth, etc.), to decrease, diminish, lessen: cadunt vires,Lucr. 5, 410: mercenarii milites pretia militiae casura in pace aegre ferebant,Liv. 34, 36, 7.—More freq. in an extended signif. (acc. to I. B. 2.)
* With in and acc.: nimia illa libertas et populis et privatis in nimiam servitutem cadit (cf. μεταβάλλει), Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68.—Esp.: in (ad) irritum or cassum, to be frustrated, fail, be or remain fruitless: omnia in cassum cadunt,Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 147; Lucr. 2, 1166: ad irritum cadens spes,Liv. 2, 6, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 26: in irritum,id. A. 15, 39; cf. with irritus, adj.: ut irrita promissa ejus caderent,Liv. 2, 31, 5: haud irritae cecidere minae,id. 6, 35, 10.
* In gen.: pellis item cecidit, vestis contempta ferina. declined in value, Lucr. 5, 1417: turpius est enim privatim cadere (i. e. fortunis everti) quam publice,Cic. Att. 16, 15, 6; so id. Fam. 6, 10, 2: atque ea quidem tua laus pariter cum re publicā cecidit,id. Off. 2, 13, 45: tanta civitas, si cadet,id. Har. Resp. 20, 42: huc cecidisse Germanici exercitus gloriam, ut, etc.,Tac. H. 3, 13: non tibi ingredienti fines ira cecidit?Liv. 2, 40, 7; Pers. 5, 91: amicitia nec debilitari animos aut cadere patitur,Cic. Lael. 7, 23: animus,to fail,Liv. 1, 11, 3; Ov. M. 11, 537; cf. id. ib. 7, 347: non debemus ita cadere animis, etc.,to lose courage, be disheartened,Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 4: tam graviter,id. Off. 1, 21, 73; cf. Sen. Ep. 8, 3.—Esp., to fail in speaking: magnus orator est... minimeque in lubrico versabitur, et si semel constiterit numquam cadet,Cic. Or. 28, 98: alte enim cadere non potest,id. ib. —So in the lang. of the jurists, causā or formulā, to lose one's cause or suit: causā cadere,Cic. Inv. 2, 19, 57; so id. de Or. 1, 36, 166 sq.; id. Fam. 7, 14, 1; Quint. 7, 3, 17; Luc. 2, 554; Suet. Calig. 39: formulā cadere,Sen. Ep. 48, 10; Quint. 3, 6, 69.—With in: ita quemquam cadere in judicio, ut, etc.,Cic. Mur. 28, 58.—Also absol.: cadere,Tac. H. 4, 6; and: criminibus repetundarum,id. ib. 1, 77: conjurationis crimine,id. A. 6, 14: ut cecidit Fortuna Phrygum,Ov. M. 13, 435: omniaque ingrato litore vota cadunt, i. e. irrita sunt,remain unfulfilled, unaccomplished,Prop. 1, 17, 4 (diff. from Tib. 2, 2, 17; v. above, D. 2.); cf.: at mea nocturno verba cadunt zephyro,Prop. 1, 16, 34: multa renascentur, quae jam cecidere, cadentque Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula,to fall into disuse, grow out of date,Hor. A. P. 70 —Hence of theatrical representations, to fall through, to fail, be condemned (opp. stare, to win applause; the fig. derived from combatants): securus cadat an recto stet fabula talo,Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 176.—Impers.. periculum est, ne cadatur, Aug. Don. Persev. 1.
* Esp. of the wind (opp. surgo), to abate, subside, die away, etc.: cadit Eurus et umida surgunt Nubila,Ov. M. 8, 2: ventus premente nebulā cecidit,Liv. 29, 27, 10: cadente jam Euro,id. 25, 27, 11: venti vis omnis cecidit,id. 26, 39, 8: ubi primum aquilones ceciderunt,id. 36, 43, 11; cf.: sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor,Verg. A. 1, 154: ventosi ceciderunt murmuris aurae,id. E. 9, 58; id. G. 1, 354 Serv. and Wagn.

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