(Subst.) : Lătĭum, ii, n.2. lătus; Sanscr. root prath-, to spread or widen; cf. Lat. later, etc.; prop., the plains or flat-land; by the ancients referred to latēre, because here Saturnus lay concealed from his son,Ov. F. 1, 238; Verg. A. 8, 322; Arn. 4, 143; Lact. 1, 13; or to Latinus,the name of the mythical king,Varr. L. L. 5, § 32 Müll.
* A country of Italy, in which Rome was situated, now Campagna di Roma, and a part of the Terra di Lavoro, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 54; Enn. ap. Acro. ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 37 (Ann. v. 455); Cic. Rep. 2, 24, 44; Liv. 6, 21; 8, 13; Hor. C. 1, 12, 53; 1, 35, 10; id. C. S. 66; Mel. 3, 4, 2; consisting of two parts: Latium vetus,Tac. A. 4, 5; or antiquum,Verg. A. 7, 38; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 56; which was the original territory governed by Rome before the subjugation of the Aequi and Volsci, and: Latium novum, or adjectum,originally the territory of the Aequi, Volsci, Hernici, and Aurunci,Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 59.
* Jus Latii, the political rights and privileges which belonged originally to the Latins, but were afterwards granted by the Romans to other people; this jus comprehended less than civitas Romana, but more than peregrinitas (cf. latinitas and Latini): eodem anno Caesar nationes Alpium maritimarum in jus Latii transtulit,Tac. A. 15, 32. —Also called Latium alone: aut majus est Latium aut minus; majus est Latium, cum et hi, qui decuriones leguntur, et ei qui honorem aliquem aut magistratum gerunt, civitatem Romanam consecuntur; minus Latium est, cum hi tantum, qui vel magistratum vel honorem gerunt, ad civitatem Romanam perveniunt,Gai. Inst. 1, 96; cf.: Latium externis dilargiri,Tac. H. 3, 55: Latio dato,Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20: Latio donata oppida,id. 3, 1, 3, § 7.
* Hence
* Lătĭ-us, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latian, Latin (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): agri,the Latin territory,Ov. F. 2, 553; 3, 606; 5, 91: gens,id. ib. 4, 42; id. M. 14, 832: lingua,id. P. 2, 3, 75: palmes, vines growing in Latium, id. F. 4, 894: boves,Col. 6, 1, 2. —Poet., for Roman: turba,the Roman people,Ov. F. 1, 639: parentes,id. ib. 3, 243; cf. matres,id. ib. 4, 133: annus,the Roman year,id. ib. 1, 1: vulnera,of Roman soldiers,id. A. A. 1, 414.
* Lătīnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latin.
* Adj.: populi, the Latins, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 28 Müll. (Ann. v. 24 Vahl.); cf. genus,the Latins, Romans,Verg. A. 1, 6: lingua,the Latin language,Varr. L. L. 5, § 1 Müll.; cf. opp. Graeca,Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10: poëtae, opp. Graeci,id. Ac. 1, 3, 10: via, beginning at the Porta Latina, near the Porta Capena, id. Clu. 59, 163; Liv. 2, 39; 10, 36 al.: dies,the days of the Roman calendar, the Roman year,Ov. F. 3, 177: feriae, the festival of the allied Latins, which was celebrated especially by offerings to Juppiter Latiaris on Mons Albanus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 25 Müll.; Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 15; Liv. 21, 63; 22, 1; more freq. absol.; v.in the foll. 2.: coloniae, which possessed the jus Latii, Cic. Caecin. 33 fin.; Suet. Caes. 8: nomen, Latin citizenship, also called jus Latii and Latinitas, Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 31; 3, 29, 41; Sall. J. 39, 2 (v. socius): casus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.: tragici veteres,Quint. 1, 8, 8: esse illud Latinum (verbum),Suet. Gram. 22.—Comp.: nihil Latinius legi, M. Aur. ap. Front. Ep. 2, 6 Mai.; cf.: nihil Latinius tuis voluminibus,Hier. Ep. 58, 9.—Sup.: homo Latinissimus,Hier. Ep. 50, 2.—Adv.: Lătīnē, in Latin: Graece haec vocatur emporos: eadem Latine mercator,Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 5; id. Cas. prol. 34: Cumanis petentibus, ut publice Latine loquerentur, et praeconibus Latine vendendi jus esset,in the Latin tongue,Liv. 40, 42 fin.: scire,to understand Latin,Cic. Caecin. 19, 55: num Latine scit?id. Phil. 5, 5, 13: non enim tam praeclarum est scire Latine, quam turpe nescire,id. Brut. 37, 140: nescire,Juv. 6, 188: reddere, to translate into Latin, Cic. de Or, 1, 34, 153; cf. docere,Plin. Ep. 7, 4, 9.—In partic.: Latine loqui, to speak with propriety or elegance: Latine et diligenter loqui,Cic. Brut. 45, 166; cf.: ut pure et emendate loquentes, quod est Latine,id. Opt. Gen. Or. 2, 4: pure et Latine loqui,id. de Or. 1, 32, 144.—Sometimes, also, like our to talk plain English, for, to speak out, to speak plainly or openly (syn. Romano more loqui): (gladiator), ut appellant ii, qui plane et Latine loquuntur,Cic. Phil. 7, 6, 17: Latine me scitote, non accusatorie loqui,Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2: poscere,Juv. 11, 148: formare,to compose in Latin,Suet. Aug. 89: componere, id. Gram. init.—Comp.: Latinius, in better Latin (late Lat.), Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 3, 6; Hier. in Isa. 8, 10.
* Lătī-nĭensis, e, adj., Latin: populi,Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 69: ager, Auct. Harusp. Resp. 10, 20.— In plur absol.: Lătīnĭenses, ĭum, m., the Latins, Auct. Harusp. Resp. 28, 62.
* Lătĭālis, and euphon. collat. form Lă-tĭāris, e (also Lătĭar, v.infra), adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latin.
* Lătīnae, ārum, f. (sc. feriae), the festival of the allied Latins, the Latin holidays, Liv. 5, 17; 19; Cic. Att. 1, 3; id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2 fin.; id. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18.
* Lătīnum, i, n., Latin, the Latin language: licet in Latinum illa convertere,Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 29: in Latinum vertore,Quint. 1, 5, 2.
* Form Latialis: populus,the Latins, Romans,Ov. M. 15, 481: sermo,Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 7: Juppiter,Luc. 1, 198; hence, also, caput,a statue of Jupiter,id. 1, 535.—Lătĭālĭter, adv., in the Latin manner (post - class.): peplo circa umeros involuto Latialiter tegebatur,Mart. Cap. 5 init.: nihil effari,id. 6, § 587: te Latialiter sonantem,Sid. Carm. 23, 235 (al. Latiariter).
* Form Latiaris: Latiaris sancte Juppiter (Juppiter Latiaris was the guardian deity of the Latin confederacy, to whom the feriae Latinae were consecrated), Cic. Mil. 31, 85: Juppiter,Plin. 34, 7, 18, § 43 Sillig. N. cr.: collis,Varr. L. L. 5, § 52 Müll.: doctrina Latiaris,Macr. S. 1, 2.—Adv.: Lătĭārĭter, v.in the preced. 1.
* Hence, subst.: Lătĭar, āris, n., the festival of Jupiter Latiaris: confectum erat Latiar,Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2; cf. Macr. S. 1, 16, 16.