ά, όν [ᾰ]
   I adj. d’Achaïe, achéen (v. Ἀχαΐα), IL. 15, 219 ; PD. N. 7, 94 ; STR. DS. PLUT. etc. ; οἱ Ἀχαιοί, les Achéens, peuple dont divers groupes habitaient la Thessalie, le Péloponnèse, les î. de Crète (OD. 19, 175) et d’Ithaque (OD. 1, 90), et dont le nom désigne, dans Homère et Hésiode, toutes les populations de race grecque, IL. 1, 17, etc. ; HÉS. O. 649, etc. ; fém. αἱ Ἀχαιαί, OD. 2, 119 ; 19, 542, Achéennes, femmes grecques ; particul. :
      1 les Grecs (devant Troie), IL. 1, 2, etc. ; OD. 1, 90, etc. ; PLAT. Leg. 682 d ; SOPH. Ph. 595 ; STR. LUC. etc. ;
      2 les Achéens du Péloponnèse, HDT. 1, 145 ; THC. 1, 111 ; DÉM. POL. STR. etc. ; p. ext. les Péloponnésiens, en gén. POL. 2, 38 ;
      3 les Achéens de Phthiotide, HDT. 7, 132 ; XÉN. Hell. 1, 2, 18 ; THC. 8, 3 ; STR. PLUT. ;
      4 des peuples divers de Laconie ; PAUS. 3, 22, 9 ; d’Italie, STR. etc. ;
   II Akhæos, h. :
      1 père de la race achéenne, EUR. Ion 64 ; APD. STR. etc. ;
      2 poète tragique, ATH. PLUT. LUC. etc. ;
      3 autres, POL. STR. etc.

Étym. p. *Ἀχαιϝοί = lat. Achīvī ; cf. Ἀχαΐα.

Proper name

• ACHAEUS (Ἀχαιός), according to nearly all traditions a son of Xuthus and Creusa, and consequently a brother of Ion and grandson of Hellen. The Achaeans regarded him as the author of their race, and derived from him their own name as well as that of Achaia, which was formerly called Aegialus. When his uncle Aeolus in Thessaly, whence he himself had come to Peloponnesus, died, he went thither and made himself master of Phthiotis, which now also received from him the name of Achaia. (Paus. vii. 1. §2; Strab. viii. p. 383 ; Apollod. i. 7. § 3.) Servius (ad Aen. i. 242) alone calls Achaeus a son of Jupiter and Pithia, which is probably miswritten for Phthia. (Wikisource | public domain)
• ACHAEUS (Ἀχαιός) of Eretria in Euboea, a tragic poet, was born B. C. 484, the year in which Aeschylus gained his first victory, and four years before the birth of Euripides. In B. C. 477, he contended with Sophocles and Euripides, and though he subsequently brought out many dramas, according to some as many as thirty or forty, he nevertheless only gained the prize once. The fragments of Achaeus contain much strange mythology, and his expressions were often forced and obscure. (Athen. x. p. 451, c.) Still in the satyrical drama he must have possessed considerable merit, for in this department some ancient critics thought him inferior only to Aeschylus. (Diog. Laer. ii. 133.) The titles of seven of his satyrical dramas and of ten of his tragedies are still known. The extant fragments of his pieces have been collected, and edited by Urlichs, Bonn, 1834. (Suidas, s. v.) This Achaeus should not be confounded with a later tragic writer of the same name, who was a native of Syracuse. According to Suidas and Phavorinus he wrote ten, according to Eudocia fourteen tragedies. (Urlichs, Ibid.) (Wikisource | public domain)

s. LGPN

ά, όν, Achaean, Hom., etc. ; hence as Subst., Ἀχαιοί, οἱ, the Achaeans, in Hom. for the Greeks generally, Il. 2.235, etc.