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        {
            "lemma": "σοφία",
            "meanings": 1,
            "language": "grc",
            "descriptions": [
                {
                    "dictionary": "Bailly",
                    "reference": "Bailly 2020 Hugo Chávez Gérard Gréco, André Charbonnet, Mark De Wilde, Bernard Maréchal & contributeurs \/ Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification — « CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 »",
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                    "description": "<b>ας (ἡ) :<br\/>   I<\/b> habileté manuelle, <i>particul. :<\/i><br\/><b>      1<\/b> <i>dans les arts manuels ou mécaniques,<\/i> IL. <i>15, 412 ; en parl. d’Hèphæstos et d’Athèna,<\/i> PLAT. <i>Prot. 321<\/i> d ; <i>de Dédale et de Palamède,<\/i> XÉN. <i>Mem. 4, 2, 33 ;<\/i><br\/><b>      2<\/b> <i>dans l’art de jouer de la lyre, de la flûte, etc<\/i>. HH. <i>Merc. 483 ;<\/i><br\/><b>      3<\/b> <i>p. ext. en parl. de poésie,<\/i> PD. <i>O. 1, 187 ;<\/i> XÉN. <i>An. 1, 2, 8, etc. ;<\/i><br\/><b>   II<\/b> savoir, science, PLAT. <i>Rsp. 360<\/i> d, <i>365<\/i> d, <i>etc. ; particul<\/i>. la science des causes, la philosophie, ARSTT. <i>Nic. 6, 7 ; Metaph. 1, 1, 17, etc. ; rar. en ce sens au plur<\/i>. PD. <i>O. 9, 161 ;<\/i><br\/><b>   III<\/b> sagesse pratique, THGN. <i>1074 ;<\/i> HDT. <i>1, 30, 60, etc. ; d’où :<\/i><br\/><b>      1<\/b> sagesse <i>en gén<\/i>. THGN. <i>790, 876 ;<\/i> SOPH. <i>O.R. 504 ; p. opp. à<\/i> τὸ σοφόν, l’habileté, l’esprit de ruse, EUR. <i>Bacch. 393, etc. ;<\/i><br\/><b>      2<\/b> <i>en mauv. part,<\/i> habileté, ruse, HDT. <i>1, 68 ;<\/i> PD. <i>O. 9, 57, etc<\/i>.<p style='color:darkgreen'>➳ <i>Ion<\/i>. σοφίη, HOM. HDT. THGN. <i>ll. cc<\/i>.<\/p><p style='color:darkblue'><b>Étym<\/b>. σοφός.<\/p>"
                },
                {
                    "dictionary": "LSJ",
                    "reference": "Liddell-Scott-Jones, Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1940)",
                    "source": null,
                    "description": "Ion. -ίη, ἡ, prop.<br\/><b>cleverness<\/b> or <b>skill<\/b> in handicraft and art, as in carpentry, τέκτονος, ὅς ῥά τε πάσης εὖ εἰδῇ σ. <i>Il.<\/i> 15.412; of the Telchines, Pi. <i>O.<\/i> 7.53; ἡ ἔντεχνος σ., of Hephaestus and Athena, Pl. <i>Prt.<\/i> 32 1d; of Daedalus and Palamedes, X. <i>Mem.<\/i> 4.2.33, cf. 1.4.2; in music and singing, τέχνῃ καὶ σ. <i>h.Merc.<\/i> 483, cf. 511; in poetry, Sol. 13.52, Pi. <i>O.<\/i> 1.117, Ar. <i>Ra.<\/i> 882, X. <i>An.<\/i> 1.2.8, etc. ; in driving, Pl. <i>Thg.<\/i> 123c; in medicine or surgery, Pi. <i>P.<\/i> 3.54; in divination, S. <i>OT<\/i> 502 (lyr.); δυσθανατῶν ὑπὸ σοφίας εἰς γῆρας ἀφίκετο Pl. <i>R.<\/i> 406b; σ. δημηγορική, δικανική, <i>ib.<\/i> 365d; ἡ περὶ Ὁμήρου σ. Id. <i>Ion<\/i> 542a; οὐ σοφίᾳ ἀλλὰ φύσει ποιεῖν Id. <i>Ap.<\/i> 22b; σημαίνοντες τὴν ς.…, ὅτι ἀρετὴ τέχνης ἐστίν Arist. <i>EN<\/i> 1141a12; rare in pl., Pi. <i>O.<\/i> 9.107, Ar. <i>Ra.<\/i> 676 (lyr.), IG1². 522 (vase, v BC).<br\/><b>skill<\/b> in matters of common life.<br\/><b>sound judgement, intelligence, practical wisdom<\/b>, etc., such as was attributed to the seven sages, like φρόνησις, Thgn. 790, 876, 1074, Hdt. 1.30, 60; ἡ τῶν δεινῶν σ., opp. ἀμαθία, Pl. <i>Prt.<\/i> 360d; τὴν τότε καλουμένην σ., οὖσαν δὲ δεινότητα πολιτικὴν καὶ δραστήριον σύνεσιν Plu. <i>Them.<\/i> 2; also, <b>cunning, shrewdness, craft<\/b>, Hdt. 1.68, etc. ; τὸ λοιδορῆσαι θεοὺς ἐχθρὰ σ. Pi. <i>O.<\/i> 9.38.<br\/><b>learning, wisdom<\/b>, μείζω τινὰ ἢ κατ’ ἄνθρωπον σοφίαν σοφοί Pl. <i>Ap.<\/i> 20e; opp. ἀμαθία, <i>ib.<\/i> 22e; freq. in E., e.g. μόρσιμα… οὐ σοφίᾳ τις ἀπώσεται Heracl. 615 (lyr.); τὸ σοφὸν οὐ σοφία (v. σοφός 1.3) <i>Ba.<\/i> 395 (lyr.), etc. ; freq. in Arist., <b>speculative wisdom<\/b>, <i>EN<\/i> 1141a19, <i>Metaph.<\/i> 982a2, 995b12 (pl.), 1059a18; defined as θείων τε καὶ ἀνθρωπίνων ἐπιστήμη, <i>Stoic.<\/i> 2.15; but also of <b>natural philosophy and mathematics<\/b>, σ. τις καὶ ἡ φυσική Arist. <i>Metaph.<\/i> 1005b1, cf. 1061b33. among the Jews, ἀρχὴ σοφίας φόβος Κυρίου LXX Pr. 1.7, cf. Jb. 28.28, al. ; Σοφία, recognized first as an attribute of God, was later identified with the Spirit of God, cf. LXX Pr. 8 with Si. 24 sq. Later as a title, ἡ ὑμετέρα, ἡ ὑμῶν σ., POxy. 1165.6, PSI 7.790.14 (both vi AD)."
                },
                {
                    "dictionary": "Pape",
                    "reference": "Pape, Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch (3. Aufl., 1914)",
                    "source": null,
                    "description": "ἡ, ion. <b>σοφίη<\/b>, ursprünglich <i>das Wissen, Verstehen<\/i> ; zuerst von körperlicher, mechanischer Fertigkeit in Handwerken und Künsten, ὅς ῥά τε πάσης εὖ εἰδῇ σοφίης, von der Kunst des Zimmermanns, <i>Il<\/i>. 15.412 (<font color='darkblue'>ἅπαξ εἰρημ.<\/font>); <i>Geschicklichkeit im Saiten- u. Flötenspiel u. in der Tonkunst<\/i> übh., <i>H.h. Merc<\/i>. 483, 511 ; eben so von der Dichtkunst, σοφίαι αἰπειναί, Pind. <i>Ol<\/i>. 9.107, welche in ältester Zeit auch der Hauptträger des Wissens war ; Ath. XIV.622c τὸ δὲ ὅλον ἔοικεν ἡ παλαιὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων σοφία τῇ μουσικῇ μάλιστα εἶναι δεδομένη ; so heißt es auch Xen. <i>An<\/i>. 1.2.8 λέγεται Ἀπόλλων ἐκδεῖραι μαρσύαν, νικήσας ἐρίζοντά οἱ περὶ σοφίας ; mit der Sangeskunde hing auch die Kunst zusammen, <i>die Einwirkung verderblicher Zauberkräfte abzuwehren und böse Geister zu bannen<\/i>, Ath. XIV.614d πλῆθος δ' ἦν Ἀθήνῃσι τῆς σοφίας ταύτης, <i>die Kunst der γελωτοποιοί<\/i> ; bei Pind. nimmt das Wort aber schon die allgemeine Bdtg der <i>Kunst und Wissenschaft<\/i> im höheren Sinne an, vgl. <i>N<\/i>. 7.23, <i>I<\/i>. 6.18, <i>P<\/i>. 6.49 ; σοφίᾳ γὰρ ἔκ του κλεινὸν ἔπος πέφανται, Soph. <i>Ant<\/i>. 616 ; u. so bes. in Vrosa ; Plat. vrbdt auch noch ταύτην τὴν σοφίαν, ᾗ τὰ ἅρματα κυβερνῶσιν, <i>Lach<\/i>. 123c ; ἐπεθύμησα ταύτης τῆς σοφίας, ἣν δὴ καλοῦσι περὶ φύσεως ἱστορίαν, <i>Phaed<\/i>. 96a. – <i>Erfahrung u. Gewandtheit in den Geschäften des öffentlichen und häuslichen Lebens, gesunder Menschenverstand, der sich im richtigen praktischen Urteil ausspricht<\/i>, wie bei den sogenannten sieben Weisen ; <i>Schlauheit, List<\/i>, Her. 1.68 u. oft ; σοφίῃ <font color='brown'>Ggstz von βίῃ<\/font> 3.127, vgl. Eur. <i>Or<\/i>. 710. – Dann aber <i>Kenntnis in den höheren Wissenschaften, Gelehrsamkeit<\/i>, und zulegt auch <i>Weisheit<\/i> in unserm Sinne, welche durch die Philosophen auf verschiedene Art bestimmt wird."
                },
                {
                    "dictionary": "TBESG",
                    "reference": "Translators Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek based on Abbot-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922) (=AS), with corrections and adapted by Tyndale Scholars",
                    "source": null,
                    "description": " <b>σοφία<\/b>, -ας, ἡ <br\/> [in LXX chiefly for חׇכְמָה ;] <br\/><b>skill, intelligence, wisdom<\/b>, ranging from knowledge of the arts and matters of daily life to mental excellence in its highest and fullest sense; <br\/> __(a) <b>of human wisdom<\/b>: 1Co.2:1 2:4-5, Jas.3:15, Rev.13:18 17:9; σ. Σολομῶνος, Mat.12:42, Luk.11:31; Αἰγυπτίων, Act.7:22; Ἕλληνες σ. ζητοῦσιν, 1Co.1:22; σ. λόγου, 1Co.1:17; τ. σοφῶν, 1Co.1:19 (LXX); τ. κόσμου, 1Co.1:20-21 3:19; ἀνθρωπίνη, 1Co.2:13; σαρκική, 2Co.1:12; <br\/> <b>of wisdom in spiritual things<\/b>: Luk.21:15, Act.6:3, 10 7:10, 1Co.2:6, Col.1:28 2:23 3:16 4:5, Jas.1:5 3:13, 17, 2Pe.3:15; λόγος σοφίας, 1Co.12:8; πνεῦμα σοφίας, Eph.1:17; σ. καὶ φρόνησις, Eph.1:8; σ. καὶ σύνεσις, Col.1:9; <br\/> __(b) <b>of divine wisdom<\/b>: of God, Rom.11:33, 1Co.1:21 1:24 2:7, Rev.7:12; πολυποίκιλος, Eph.3:10 <br\/> of Christ, Mat.13:54, Mrk.6:2, Luk.2:40, 52, 1Co.1:30 Col.2:3, Rev.5:12; <br\/> of wisdom personified, Mat.11:19, Luk.7:35 11:49.†<br\/> <re><i>SYN.<\/i>: σύνεσις, intelligence; φρόνησις, prudence, which with σ. make up (Arist., N. Eth., i, 13) the three intellectual ἀρεταί. σ. is wisdom primary and absolute; in distinction from which φ. is practical, σύνεσις critical, both being applications of σ. in detail (cf. Lft., and <i>ICC<\/i> on Col.1:9; Lft., <i>Notes<\/i>, 317 f.; Tr., <i>Syn.<\/i>, § LXXv; Cremer, 870 ff.). <\/re> (AS)"
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