{ "meta": { "serviceProvider": { "name": "Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanties, TELOTA - IT\/DH", "link": "https:\/\/www.bbaw.de\/en\/bbaw-digital\/telota" }, "dataProvider": { "name": "Classical Language Dictionary", "link": "https:\/\/cld.bbaw.de" } }, "query": { "self": "https:\/\/cld.bbaw.de\/api\/dictionary\/lemma\/%CF%80%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%85%CD%82%CE%BC%CE%B1?language=grc&options=case-sensitive", "searchDate": "2026-05-14 04:28:32", "searchFor": "lemma", "searchTerm": "πνεῦμα", "language": "GRC", "options": { "strict": true, "case-sensitive": true, "regex": false, "simplified": false } }, "data": [ { "lemma": "πνεῦμα", "meanings": 1, "language": "grc", "descriptions": [ { "dictionary": "Bailly", "reference": "Bailly 2020 Hugo Chávez Gérard Gréco, André Charbonnet, Mark De Wilde, Bernard Maréchal & contributeurs \/ Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification — « CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 »", "source": "https:\/\/bailly.app\/%C3%A0-propos", "description": "ατος (τὸ)<\/b> souffle, d’où :<\/i>   I<\/b> souffle du vent, HDT. 7, 61, etc. ; d’où<\/i> vent, ESCHL. Pers. 110 ;<\/i> THC. 2, 97 ;<\/i> XÉN. Hell. 6, 2, 27, etc. ; au plur<\/i>. ESCHL. Pr. 1086 ;<\/i> SOPH. Aj. 674 ;<\/i> PLAT. Crat. 410<\/i> c, etc. ; fig<\/i>. vent de la fortune, souffle de la prospérité, etc<\/i>. EUR. I.T. 1317, H.f. 216, etc. ; particul<\/i>. souffle de la faveur (cf. lat<\/i>. aura) ESCHL. Suppl. 29 ;<\/i>   II<\/b> souffle :      1<\/b> en gén<\/i>. ἄνθρωπός ἐστι πν. καὶ σκιὰ μόνον, SOPH. fr. 13<\/i>, l’homme n’est qu’un souffle et une ombre ; cf<\/i>. PLAT. Phæd. 70<\/i> a ;      2<\/b> expiration de l’air aspiré, haleine, ESCHL. Eum. 568 ;<\/i> ARSTT. H.A. 1, 11 ; p. suite,<\/i> αὐλῶν πν. EUR. Bacch. 128<\/i>, souffle de flûtes ; cri, EUR. El. 749 ;<\/i>      3<\/b> respiration, souffle de vie, en parl. des hommes,<\/i> ESCHL. Sept. 981, etc. ;<\/i> EUR. Tr. 751, etc. ;<\/i> THC. 2, 49 ;<\/i> PLAT. Tim. 91<\/i> c ; en parl. des animaux,<\/i> ESCHL. Sept. 464 ;<\/i> PLUT. M. 642<\/i> c ; πνεύματος ῥώμη, PLUT. M. 804<\/i> b, force de la respiration, càd<\/i>. de la poitrine ; τὸ πν. ἄνω ἔχειν, MÉN. 4, 74 Meineke<\/i> être hors d’haleine ; τὸ πνεῦμα γίγνεται ἄνω, EPICRAT. (POLL. 9, 57<\/i>) l’essoufflement se produit ; μετέωρον πνεῦμα (cf. lat<\/i>. sublimis anhelitus, HOR. Od. 1, 15, 25), ou abs<\/i>. πνεῦμα, MÉD. essoufflement, respiration pénible ;      4<\/b> flatuosité, DL. 6, 94 ;<\/i> DIOSC. 2, 130, 137 ;<\/i>   III<\/b> exhalaison, odeur (d’un parfum,<\/i> EUR. Hipp. 1391 ; d’un fruit,<\/i> PLUT. M. 647<\/i> a) ;   IV<\/b> fig. :<\/i>      1<\/b> souffle comme signe de force,<\/i> PLUT. Pyrrh. 16, de passion, de fureur,<\/i> ESCHL. Pr. 886 ;<\/i> ANTH. 6, 220, etc. ; particul. au sens religieux,<\/i> souffle divin, esprit divin, PLAT. Ax. 370<\/i> c ; d’où<\/i> esprit, PLAT. Ax. 605<\/i> a ; NT. Luc. 4, 33 ; 1Thess. 5, 19 ; particul<\/i>. l’Esprit Saint, NT. d’où, dans les écriv. ecclés. en parl. des anges,<\/i> NT. Hebr. 1, 14, etc. ; ou en mauv. part en parl. des démons, du malin esprit,<\/i> NT. Ap. 19, 12, 15 ; Apoc. 16, 14, etc. ;<\/i>      2<\/b> t. de rhét<\/i>. sorte de période consistant en une succession de propositions avec gradation, RHÉT. 3, 158 W. ;<\/i>      3<\/b> t. de gr<\/i>. aspiration, PLUT. M. 1009<\/i> e ; d’où<\/i> signe de l’aspiration, esprit rude ou<\/i> doux, GRAMM.

Étym<\/b>. πνέω.<\/p>" }, { "dictionary": "LSJ", "reference": "Liddell-Scott-Jones, Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1940)", "source": null, "description": "ατος, τό, (< πνέω) blast, wind<\/b>, first in Anaximen. 2, ὅλον τὸν κόσμον π. καὶ ἀὴρ περιέχει ; freq. in Trag., etc., ἀνέμων πνεύματα πάντων A. Pr.<\/i> 1086 (anap.), cf. 1047 (anap.); θαλάσσας… πνεύματι λάβρῳ Id. Pers.<\/i> 110 (lyr.); πνευμάτων ἐπομβρίᾳ Id. Fr.<\/i> 300.3; τέως δὲ κούφοις πνεύμασιν βόσκου S. Aj.<\/i> 558; πνεύμασιν θαλασσίοις ἐξωσθέντες E. Cyc.<\/i> 278 (but πνοή is commoner in Poets; Hom. uses πνοιή)· πνεύματα ἀνέμων Hdt. 7.16. αʹ; τὸ π. κατῄει Th. 2.84; κατὰ πρύμναν ἵσταται τὸ π. ib.<\/i> 97; τὸ π. λεῖον καὶ καθεστηκὸς λαβεῖν Ar. Ra.<\/i> 1003; τὸ π. ἔλαττον γίγνεται Id. Eq.<\/i> 441; εἰ φορὸν π. εἴη X. HG<\/i> 6.2.27; κατὰ πνεῦμα στῆναι τοῦ ἄρρενος to leeward<\/b> of him, Arist. HA<\/i> 560b14; but κατὰ π. προσιόντες down wind<\/b>, ib.<\/i> 535a19; πνεύματος ἀνείλησις, ἐκπύρωσις, Epicur. Ep. 2 pp. 44, 45 U. ; as an element, air<\/b>, Corp.Herm.<\/i> 1.9, 16; τὸ π. τὸ περὶ τὴν ψυχήν Plot. 2.2.2, cf. Porph. Sent.<\/i> 29. metaph<\/i>, θαλερωτέρῳ π. with more genial breeze<\/b> or influence<\/b>, A. Th.<\/i> 708 (lyr.); λύσσης π. μάργῳ Id. Pr.<\/i> 884 (anap.); αἰδοίῳ π. χώρας with air<\/b> or spirit<\/b> of respect on the part of the country, Id. Supp.<\/i> 29 (anap.); π. ταὐτὸν οὔποτ’… ἐν ἀνδράσιν φίλοις βέβηκεν the wind<\/b> is constantly changing even among friends, S. OC<\/i> 612; π. συμφορᾶς E. IT<\/i> 1317; ὅταν θεοῦ σοι π. μεταβαλὸν τύχῃ Id. HF<\/i> 216.breathed air, breath<\/b>, σάλπιγξ βροτείου πνεύματος πληρουμένη A. Eu.<\/i> 568; αὐλῶν, λωτοῦ π., E. Ba.<\/i> 128 (lyr.), Ph.<\/i> 787 (lyr., pl.); π. ἀπέρρηξεν βίου the breath<\/b> of life, A. Pers.<\/i> 507; π. ἀπώλεσεν Id. Th.<\/i> 984 (lyr.); π. ἄθροισον collect breath<\/b>, E. Ph.<\/i> 851; π. ἀφεῖναι, ἀνεῖναι, μεθεῖναι, to give up the ghost<\/b>, Id. Hec.<\/i> 571, Or.<\/i> 277, Tr.<\/i> 785 (anap.); π. δειμαίνων λιπεῖν Id. Supp.<\/i> 554; π.… δυσῶδες ἠφίει Th. 2.49; πνεύματος διαρροαί the wind-pipe, E. Hec.<\/i> 567; τὰς τοῦ π. διεξόδους ἀποφράττον Pl. Ti.<\/i> 91c (v. πνεύμων)· πνεύματος ῥώμη Plu. 2.804b; prov.<\/i>, ἄνθρωπός ἐστι π. καὶ σκιὰ μόνον<\/b> S. Fr.<\/i> 13.breathing, respiration<\/b>, freq. in Hp., π. πυκνόν, ἀραιόν, ἐκτεῖνον, κατεπεῖγον, Epid.<\/i> 2.3.7; π. πυκνότερον Acut.<\/i> 16; π. προσκόπτον checked, difficult breathing<\/b>, Aph.<\/i> 4.68; π. ἄσημον indistinct, feeble breathing<\/b>, Epid.<\/i> 6.7.8; π. βηχῶδες Coac.<\/i> 622; π. μετέωρον shallow breathing<\/b>, Epid.<\/i> 2.3.1; τὸ π. ἔχειν ἄνω to be out of breath<\/b>, Men. 23, cf. Sosicr. 1; τὸ π. ἀνήνεγκαν recovered their breath<\/b>, Hp. Prorrh.<\/i> 2.12 (so without τὸ π. Aph.<\/i> 2.43); but ἀναφέρουσιν… κλαίοντά τε καὶ ἐς τὰς ῥῖνας ἀνέλκοντα τὸ π. they sob…<\/b>, Id. Hebd.<\/i> 51. pl., of the air imagined as filling the veins, πνευμάτων ἀπολήψιες ἀνὰ φλέβας Id. Acut. (Sp.)<\/i> 7, al.flatulence<\/b>, in pl., Eub. 107.9, Arist. Pr.<\/i> 948b25, Dsc. 2.112, D.L. 6.94.breath of life<\/b>, π. ζωῆς LXX Ge. 6.17, 7.15, cf. Plu. Per.<\/i> 13, etc. ; π. ἔχειν retain life<\/b>, Plb. 31.10.4; living being<\/b>, ἐγὼ Νίνος πάλαι ποτ’ ἐγενόμην π. Phoen. 1.16; οὐ π. πάντα βρότεια σοὶ (sc. Πλούτωνι) νέμεται· IG 14.769 (Naples).that which is breathed forth<\/b> or exhaled, odour<\/b>, ὦ θεῖον ὀδμῆς π. E. Hipp.<\/i> 1391; π. βαρὺ ἀφιεῖσα, of a tree, Plu. 2.647b.Gramm., breathing with which a vowel is pronounced<\/b>, ib.<\/i> 1009e (pl.), A.D. Adv<\/i>. 147.18; π. δασύ, ψιλόν, Id. Pron.<\/i> 78.6, Adv. 148.9.divine inspiration<\/b>, ἄγρια… πνεύματα θευφορίης AP<\/i> 6.220.4 (Diosc.); εἰ μή τι θεῖον… ἐνῆν π. τῇ ψυχῇ Pl. Ax.<\/i> 370c; τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ δαιμόνιον ἐν μούσαις π. Plu. 2.605a; καθαρὸν δίκαιον… π. θεοῦ σωτῆρος BMus.Inscr.<\/i> 1062 (Cyrene, ii AD). the spirit<\/b> of God, π. θεοῦ LXX Ge. 1.2, etc. ; freq. in NT<\/b>, τὸ π. τὸ ἅγιον Ev. Marc. 3.29, al.spirit<\/b> of man, εἴτ’ ἐστὶ τοῦτο π. θεῖον εἴτε νοῦς Men. 482.3; in NT<\/b>, opp. ψυχή, 1 Ep. Thess. 5.23, cf. Ep. Rom. 8.2; τῷ π., opp. τῷ σώματι, 1 Ep. Cor. 5.3; also, opp. γράμμα, Ep. Rom. 2.29.spiritual<\/b> or immaterial being, angel<\/b>, Ep. Hebr. 1.14, Apoc. 1.4; τὰ ἄχραντα π., τὰ κακὰ π., Iamb. Myst.<\/i> 3.31; π. πονηρόν, ψευδές, LXX Jd. 9.23, 3 Ki. 22.21, cf. Act. Ap. 19.12, 15, Apoc. 16.14, Porph. ap. Eus. PE<\/i> 4.23, etc. ; ἀλάλου καὶ κακοῦ π. οὖσα πλήρης (sc. ἡ Πυθία) Plu. 2.438b.Rhet., sentence declaimed in one breath<\/b>, Hermog. Inv.<\/i> 3.10, 4.4, al." }, { "dictionary": "Pape", "reference": "Pape, Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch (3. Aufl., 1914)", "source": null, "description": "τό, Hauch, Wind, Luft<\/i> ; zuerst bei Her., ἀνέμων, 7.61 ; das Schnauben der Rosse<\/i>, Aesch. Spt<\/i>. 446 ; λύσσης πνεύματι μάργῳ, Prom<\/i>. 886 ; auch σάλπιγξ βροτείου πνεύματος πληρουμένη, Eum<\/i>. 538 ; u. vom Hauche des Windes, Prom<\/i>. 1049, Pers<\/i>. 110 ; der Lebensatem<\/i>, σωθεὶς δὲ πνεῦμ' ἀπώλεσεν, Spt<\/i>. 966 ; auch, wie aura, Gunst<\/i>, δέξαιθ' ἱκέτην τὸν θηλυγενῆ στόλον αἰδοίῳ πνεύματι χώρας, Suppl<\/i>. 29 ; vgl. Soph. O.C<\/i>. 618 ; ὀξυτόνου διὰ πνεύματος, Soph. Phil<\/i>. 1082, u. öfter vom Winde, ἐπεὶ ἀφῆκε πνεῦμα, Eur. Hec<\/i>. 571 ; πνεῦμ' ἀνεὶς ἐκ πνευμόνων, Or<\/i>. 277, u. öfter ; πνεῦμα λεῖον καὶ καθεστηκός, Ar. Ran<\/i>. 1001 ; u. in Prosa, Atem. πνεῦμα ἄτοπον καὶ δυσῶδες ἠφίει, Thuc. 2.49 ; τὰς τοῦ πνεύματος διεξόδους ἀποφράττον, Plat. Tim<\/i>. 91c ; πότερον τὸ πνεῦμα ψυχρὸν φήσομεν, Theaet<\/i>. 152b, u. öfter ; Wind<\/i>, κονιορτοῦ ὑπὸ πνεύματος φερομένου, Rep<\/i>. VI.496d ; ἡ βία τοῦ πνεύματος, πνεῦμα ἀντίον, Pol. 1.44.4, 60.6 ; τὸ πνεῦμα ἔχειν διά τινα, d.i. Einem sein Leben verdanken<\/i>, 31.18.4 u. Sp., wie Plut. u. Luc.; ἀφῆκε τὸ πνεῦμα, NT, er gab seinen Geist auf<\/i> ; – τὸ πνεῦμα ἄνω ἔχειν, außer Atem sein<\/i>, auch τὸ πνεῦμα γίγνεται ἄνω, Meineke<\/font> quaest. Men<\/i>. p. 12 ; Epicrat. bei Poll. 9.57 ; eben so μετέωρον πνεῦμα, Hippocr., Atemlosigkeit, wobei der Atem oben am Ende der Luftröhre zu sitzen scheint<\/i>. Auch belebtes Wesen, ἐγὼ Νίνος πάλαι ποτ' ἐγενόμην πνεῦμα, νῦν δ' οὐκέτ' οὐδέν, ἀλλὰ γῆ πεποίημαι, Phoenix Coloph. bei Ath. XII.530f. – Im plur., Atemzüge<\/i>, Medic. – In der Jägersprache, die Witterung des Wildes<\/i>.Bei den Gramm. das Hauchzeichen, spiritus<\/i>." }, { "dictionary": "TBESG", "reference": "Translators Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek based on Abbot-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922) (=AS), with corrections and adapted by Tyndale Scholars", "source": null, "description": " πνεῦμα<\/b>, -τος, τό, [in LXX chiefly and very freq. for רוּחַ ;] __1. of air in motion<\/b>; __(a) wind<\/b>: Jhn.3:8; pl., Heb.1:7 (LXX); __(b) breath<\/b>: π. ζωῆς, Rev.11:11; π. τοῦ στόματος, figuratively, 2Th.2:8 (cf. Ps 32 (33)6). __2. Of the vital principle, the spirit<\/b> (Arist., Polyb., al.): Luk.8:55, Jhn.19:30, Act.7:59, al.; opp. to σάρξ, Mat.26:41, Mrk.14:38, 1Co.5:5, al.; to σῶμα, Rom.8:10, 1Co.6:17 7:34, 1Pe.4:6; to ψυχή, Php.1:27, Heb.4:12; τὸ π. καὶ ἡ ψ. καὶ τ. σῶμα, 1Th.5:23 (M, Th.<\/i>, in l.); dative, τῷ π., in spirit<\/b>, Mrk.2:8 8:12, Jhn.11:33 13:21, Act.18:25, Rom.12:11, 1Co.7:34, 1Pe.3:18, al.; of the human spirit of Christ, Rom.1:4, 1Ti.3:16. __3. spirit<\/b>, i.e. frame of mind, disposition, influence<\/b>: Luk.1:17, Rom.8:15, 1Co.4:21, Gal 6:1, Eph.2:2, 2Ti.1:7, 1Jn.4:6, al. __4. An incorporeal being, a spirit<\/b>: Luk.24:37, 39 Act.23:8; π. ὁ θεός, God is spirit<\/b>, Jhn.4:24; πατὴρ τῶν π., Heb.12:9; of disembodied human beings, Heb.12:23, 1Pe.3:19 (ICC<\/i>, in l.; DB<\/i>, iii, 795); of angels. Heb.1:14; of demons or evil spirits, Mat.8:16, Mrk.9:20, Luk.9:39, al.; π. πύθυωνα, Act.16:16; πνεύματα δαιμονίων, Rev.16:14; π. δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου, Luk.4:33; π. ἀσθενείας (Bl., §35, 5), Luk.13:11; π. ἀκάθαρτον, Mat.10:1, Mrk.1:23, Luk.4:36, Act.5:16; π. ἄλαλον (καὶ κωφόν), Mrk.9:17, 25; πονηρόν, Luk.7:21, Act.19:12, al. __5. Of the Holy Spirit<\/b>, π. ἅγιον, τὸ ἅ. π., τὸ π. τὸ ἅ. τὸ π., π. (the article as a rule being used when the Spirit is regarded as a Person or a Divine Power, and omitted when the reference is to an operation, influence or gift of the Spirit; see WM, 151:5; Bl., §46, 7): anarth., Mat.1:18 3:11, 16 4:1, Mrk.1:8 (Swete, in l.), ib.10, Luk.1:15, Jhn.7:39, Act.19:2, Rom.5:5, 1Co.2:4, al.; with art., Mat.4:1 12:31, 32 Mrk.1:10 3:29, Luk.2:26, Jhn.7:36 14:26, Act.4:31 5:3, Rom.8:16, al.; (τὸ) π. (τοῦ) θεοῦ, Mat.3:16, Rom.8:9, Eph.3:16, 1Jn.4:2, al.; τὸ π. τ. πατρός, Mat.10:20; π. θεοῦ ζῶντος, 2Co.3:3; (τὸ) π. τοῦ κυρίου, Luk.4:18, Act.5:9 8:39; τὸ π. Ἰησοῦ, Act.16:7; Χριστοῦ, Rom.8:9; Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, Php.1:19; τὸ π. τ. ἀληθείας, Jhn.15:26 16:13, 1Jn.4:6; λείγει (μαρτυρεῖ) τὸ π. (τὸ ἅγιον), Act.21:11 28:25, 1Ti.4:1, Heb.3:7 10:15, Rev.14:13; before τ. ἐκκλησίαις, Rev.2:7, 11 17, 29, 3:6, 12, 22; ἐν τ. π., Luk.2:27; κατὰ πνεῦμα, Rom.8:4, 5; ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ π., Jhn.3:5, διὰ πνεύματος αἰωνίου, Heb.9:14; ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος, 2Th.2:13, 1Pe.1:2; ἓν π., 1Co.12:13, Eph.2:18 4:4; ὁ δὲ κύριος τὸ π. ἐστιν, 2Co.3:17; of that which is effected or governed by the Spirit, opp. to γράμμα, Rom.2:29 7:6, 2Co.3:6. SYN.<\/i>: νοῦς, which in NT is contrasted with π. as 'the action of the understanding in man with that of the spiritual or ecstatic impulse' (DB<\/i>, iv, 612); ψυχή — the usual term in cl. psychology—in NT, 'expresses man as apart from God, a separate individual, π. expresses man as drawing his life from God' (DB<\/i>, 1-vol., 872).<\/re> (AS)" } ] } ] }