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        {
            "lemma": "ἀρετή",
            "meanings": 1,
            "language": "grc",
            "descriptions": [
                {
                    "dictionary": "Bailly",
                    "reference": "Bailly 2020 Hugo Chávez Gérard Gréco, André Charbonnet, Mark De Wilde, Bernard Maréchal & contributeurs \/ Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification — « CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 »",
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                    "description": "<b>ῆς (ἡ)<\/b> <font color='purple'>[ᾰ]<\/font><br\/><b>A<\/b> mérite <i>ou<\/i> qualité par quoi l’on excelle, <i>d’où :<\/i><br\/><b>   I<\/b> qualité du corps, <i>en parl. de pers<\/i>. (force, agilité, IL. <i>20, 411, etc. ;<\/i> beauté, XÉN. <i>Cyr. 5, 1, 4 ;<\/i> santé, PLAT. <i>Gorg. 479<\/i> b, POL. <i>353<\/i> b ; ARSTT. <i>Rhet. 1, 3) ; des dieux,<\/i> IL. <i>9, 498 ; des animaux,<\/i> HDT. <i>3, 88 ;<\/i> PLAT. <i>Rsp. 335<\/i> b ; qualité <i>de la terre,<\/i> HDT. <i>4, 198 ; 7, 5 ;<\/i> THC. <i>1, 2 ;<\/i> qualité <i>de choses (vases, meubles, etc<\/i>.) PLAT. <i>Rsp. 601<\/i> d ; ARCHESTR. (ATH. <i>105<\/i> a) ; <i>abs<\/i>. « la Force, la Solidité » <i>n. d’une tortue de siège à tête en forme de coin et à dos cintré,<\/i> ATHÉNÉE MÉC. ;<br\/><b>   II<\/b> qualité de l’intelligence, de l’âme, <i>etc. ;<\/i> τεκτονική, πολιτική, <i>etc<\/i>. PLAT. <i>Prot. 322<\/i> d, <i>etc<\/i>. mérite de l’artisan, de l’homme d’État, <i>etc. ; particul. :<\/i><br\/><b>      1<\/b> courage, HDT. <i>8, 92 ; au plur<\/i>. actes de courage, HDT. <i>1, 176 ; 9, 40 ;<\/i><br\/><b>      2<\/b> <i>au sens mor<\/i>. vertu, ATT. ; <i>au plur<\/i>. nobles actions, PLAT. <i>Rsp. 618<\/i> b ;<br\/><b>      3<\/b> <i>p. suite,<\/i> considération, honneur, SOPH. <i>Ph. 1420 ;<\/i> THC. <i>1, 33, etc. au plur<\/i>. EUR. <i>H.f. 357 ;<\/i><br\/><b>B<\/b> bon office, service : εἴς τινα, THC. <i>3, 58, etc. ;<\/i> περί τινα, XÉN. <i>An. 1, 4, 8<\/i> service rendu à qqn.<p style='color:darkgreen'>➳ <i>Crase att<\/i>. ἁρετή, ESCHL. <i>Ag. 1357, p<\/i>. ἡ ἀρετή.<\/p><p style='color:darkblue'><b>Étym<\/b>. <i>p.-ê. R. indo-europ<\/i>. *h₂erh₁-, <i>cf<\/i>. ἀρείων.<\/p>"
                },
                {
                    "dictionary": "LSJ",
                    "reference": "Liddell-Scott-Jones, Greek-English Lexicon (9th ed., 1940)",
                    "source": null,
                    "description": "ἡ, <b>goodness, excellence<\/b>, of any kind, in Hom. esp. of <b>manly<\/b> qualities, ποδῶν ἀρετὴν ἀναφαίνων <i>Il.<\/i> 20.411; ἀμείνων παντοίας ἀρετὰς ἠμὲν πόδας ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι καὶ νόον 15.642; so of the gods, τῶν περ καὶ μείζων ἀ. τιμή τε βίη τε 9.498; also of women, <i>Od.<\/i> 2.206; ἀ. εἵνεκα for <b>valour<\/b>, Hdt. 8.92; pl., ἀ. ἀπεδείκνυντο displayed <b>brave deeds<\/b>, Id. 1.176, 9.40. later, of the gods, chiefly in pl., <b>glorious deeds, wonders, miracles<\/b>, SIG 1172, Str. 17.1.17; ζῶσαι ἀ. IG 14.966, cf. 1 Ep. Pet. 2.9; also in sg., ὄψιν ἰδοῦσα ἀρετὴν τῆς θεοῦ IG 2.1426b, cf. Isyll. 62, BSA 21.169, 180. generally, <b>excellence<\/b>, ἡ ἀ. τελείωσίς τις Arist. <i>Metaph.<\/i> 1021b20, cf. <i>EN<\/i> 1106a15, etc. ; of persons, ἄνδρα πὺξ ἀρετὰν εὑρόντα Pi. <i>O.<\/i> 7.89, cf. P. 4.187, B. 9.13, etc. ; τὸ φρονεῖν ἀ. μεγίστη Heraclit. 112; in pl., <b>forms of excellence<\/b>, μυρίαι ἀνδρῶν ἀ. B. 13.8, cf. Gorg. <i>Fr.<\/i> 8, etc. ; δικαστοῦ αὕτη ἀ. Pl. <i>Ap.<\/i> 18a; esp.<br\/><b>moral virtue<\/b>, Democr. 179, 263, al., Gorg. <i>Fr.<\/i> 6; opp. κακία, X. <i>Mem.<\/i> 2.1.21, cf. Pl. <i>R.<\/i> 500d, <i>Lg.<\/i> 963a, 963c sq., D. 60.17, Arist. <i>EN<\/i> 1102a6, <i>Pol.<\/i> 1295a37, etc. ; <b>good nature, kindness<\/b>, etc., E. <i>Fr.<\/i> 163. of animals, things, as land, Hdt. 4.198, 7.5, Th. 1.2; ἡ ἐν ἀρετῇ κειμένη γῆ <b>productive<\/b> land, PTeb. 5.165 (ii BC); ἵππου Hdt. 3.88; κυνῶν, ἵππων, Pl. <i>R.<\/i> 335b; σκεύους <i>ib.<\/i> 601d; [ἀστακοῦ] Archestr. <i>Fr.<\/i> 24; ἀ. βίου Pl. <i>R.<\/i> 618c; πολιτείας <i>Lg.<\/i> 886b, etc.<br\/><b>prosperity<\/b>, <i>Od.<\/i> 13.45. ἀ. εἴς τινα <b>active merit, good service<\/b> done him, ἐς τοὺς Ἕλληνας Th. 3.58, cf. 2.40; ἀ. περί τινα X. <i>An.<\/i> 1.4.8; ἀνταποδοῦναι ἀ. Th. 4.19; ἀρετὰς παρασχέσθαι ὑπέρ τινος D. 19.312; ἀρετῆς ἕνεκα, freq. in honorary Inscrr., IG2². 107.14, etc.<br\/><b>reward<\/b> of excellence, <b>distinction, fame<\/b>, πλούτῳ δ’ ἀρετὴ καὶ κῦδος ὀπηδεῖ Hes. <i>Op.<\/i> 313, cf. Sappho 80, Pi. <i>N.<\/i> 5.53, al. ; ἀθάνατος ἀ. S. <i>Ph.<\/i> 1420, Pl. <i>Smp.<\/i> 208d; ἃ ἆθλα τοῦ πολέμου τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἐστίν, ἐλευθερία καὶ ἀ. Lycurg. 49; of God, δόξα καὶ ἀ. 2 Ep. Pet. 1.3; in pl., <b>glories<\/b>, Thgn. 30, Pi. <i>N.<\/i> 10.2, al. ; πλοῦτος ἀρεταῖς δεδαιδαλμένος Id. <i>O.<\/i> 2.53; γενναίων ἀ. πόνων E. <i>HF<\/i> 357 (lyr.), cf. Lys. 2.26; προγόνων ἀ. Pl. <i>R.<\/i> 618b; in LXX freq. of the <b>praises<\/b> of God, Is. 42.8, al. Ἀρετή personified, Prodic. 1, Arist. <i>Fr.<\/i> 675, Callix. 2, CIG 2786, SIG 985.10, etc. ἡ ἀ. σου as a title, Your <b>worship<\/b>, PLips. 13 ii 20, etc. an <b>engine of war<\/b>, Ath.Mech. 38.11. a <b>plaster<\/b>, Androm. ap. Gal. 13.531."
                },
                {
                    "dictionary": "Pape",
                    "reference": "Pape, Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch (3. Aufl., 1914)",
                    "source": null,
                    "description": "(ἀρι–, ἀρείων, ἄριστος, Ἄρης, vgl. ἀρείων), ἡ, <i>Tugend<\/i>, nicht im christl., sondern im Griech. Sinne ; <i>Vortrefflichkeit, Güte, Vorzug, von Geist u. Leib<\/i>. Hom. <i>Od<\/i>. 17.322 ἥμισυ γάρ τ' ἀρετῆς ἀποαίνυται εὐρυόπα Ζεὺς ἀνέρος, εὖτ' ἄν μιν κατὰ δούλιον ἦμαρ ἕλῃσιν. In diesem Sinne Hom. öfters von den Heroen ; <i>Il<\/i>. 13.237 συμφερτὴ δ' ἀρετὴ πέλει ἀνδρῶν καὶ μάλα λυγρῶν, Zenodot u. Aristophanes Byz. συμφερτὸς δὲ βίη, Aristarch συμφερτὴ δ' ἀρετή, s. <i>Scholl. Nicanor<\/i>. u. Didym.; die Götter haben ἀρετή <i>Il<\/i>. 9.498, Pferde 23.276 (vgl. Arist. <i>Eth<\/i>. 2.5, Xen. <i>Hier<\/i>. 2.2), Penelope <i>Od<\/i>. 2.206, 24.197, die Füße eines Mannes <i>Il<\/i>. 20.411 ; ὄφρ' ἀρετὴν παρέχωσι θεοὶ καὶ γούνατ' ὀρώρῃ <i>Od<\/i>. 18.133 ; κρείσσων ἀρετῇ τε βίῃ τε <i>Il<\/i>. 23.578 ; τῶν περ καὶ μείζων ἀρετὴ τιμή τε βίη τε 9.498 ; ἐμὴν ἀρετὴν εἶδός τε δέμας τε ὤλεσαν ἀθάνατοι <i>Od<\/i>. 18.251, 19.124 ; ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔνθεν ἐμῇ ἀρετῇ βουλῇ τε νόῳ τε ἐκφύγομεν 12.211 ; οὕτω γάρ κέν μοι ἐϋκλείη τ' ἀρετή τε εἴη ἐπ' ἀνθρώπους 14.402 ; auffallende Vbdg σὺν μεγάλῃ ἀρετῇ ἐκτήσω ἄκοιτιν <i>Od<\/i>. 24.193 ; Plural dreimal : πόσιν παντοίῃς ἀρετῇσι κεκασμένον <i>Od<\/i>. 4.725, 815 ; τοῦ γένετ' ἐκ πατρὸς πολὺ χείρονος υἱὸς ἀμείνων παντοίας ἀρετάς, ἠμὲν πόδας ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι, καὶ νόον ἐνπρώτοισι μυκηναίων ἐτέτυκτο <i>Il<\/i>. 15.642. Auch bei Herod. <i>Tapferkeit, Mut<\/i>, 8.92 ; ἀρετὰς ἀποδείκνυσθαι, Heldentaten vollbringen, 1.176, 9.40 ; ἀρετὰς πράσσειν, <i>Großtat<\/i>en verrichten, Pind. <i>I<\/i>. 5.11 ; vgl. Plat. <i>Rep<\/i>. X.618b ; ἐπὶ γένεσι καὶ προγόνων ἀρεταῖς καὶ ῥώμῃ τῆς πόλεως <i>Menex<\/i>. 243c ; Xen. <i>Cyr<\/i>. 4.1.5, u. sonst auch Sp. <i>Vorzüglichkeit, Trefflichkeit<\/i>, χώρη ἀρετὴν ἄκρη Her. 7.5, wie γῆς Thuc. 1.2 ; Plat. <i>Critia<\/i>.110e, 117b u. Sp., wie Pol. 2.15.1 u. öfter ; ἅρματος Xen. <i>Hier<\/i>. 11.5 ; σώματος ἀρετή, ὑγίεια Plat. <i>Gorg<\/i>. 479b ; Arist. <i>rhet<\/i>. 1.3 ; <i>Schönheit<\/i>, Xen. <i>Cyr<\/i>. 5.1.4 ; ὀφθαλμῶν, ὤτων Plat. <i>Rep<\/i>. I.353b ; ἑκ ἀστοῦ σκεύους καὶ ζώου X.601d ; κυνῶν, ἵππων I.335b u. sonst. Bei den Att. wird aber die moralische Bedeutung, <i>Tugend<\/i>, vorherrschend, u. bleibt es bei den Spätern ; bes. <i>Tüchtigkeit des Sinnes u. des Handelns vereinigt<\/i>. Dah. <i>geistiger Vorzug<\/i>, ἀρεταί, <i>vortreffliche Eigenschaften<\/i> übh.; Plat. spricht auch von ἀρετὴ τεκτονική, πολιτική, <i>Kunst u. Fertigkeit, Prot<\/i>. 322d ; κυβερνητική <i>Alc.I<\/i>, 135a ; δικαστοῦ <i>Apol<\/i>. 18a. d.i. <i>die Pflicht<\/i>. Bei Thuc. 3.58 ἡ ἀρετὴ ἡ ἐς τοὺς Ἕλληνας, <i>Verdienst<\/i> ; ebenso ἡ περὶ ἐμὲ ἀρετή Xen. <i>An<\/i>. 1.4.8 ; ἀρετῆς καὶ δόξης λόγος Dem. 19.142 ; <i>Auszeichnung<\/i>, φέρει εἰς τοὺς πολλοὺς ἀρετήν Thuc. 1.38 ; Harp. erkl. dah. εὐδοξία ; vgl. <i>B.A<\/i>. 443 u. Soph. <i>Phil<\/i>. 1420 ἀθάνατον ἀρετὴν ἔσχον."
                },
                {
                    "dictionary": "TBESG",
                    "reference": "Translators Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek based on Abbot-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922) (=AS), with corrections and adapted by Tyndale Scholars",
                    "source": null,
                    "description": " <b>ἀρετή<\/b>, -ῆς, ἡ <br\/> [in LXX, in sing.: Hab.3:3, Zec.6:13 (הוֹד), in pl.: Isa.42:8, 12 43:21 63:7 (תְּהִלָּה), Wis.4:1 5:13 8:7 2:1-24; 4Mac.2.2 * ;] <br\/>prop., whatever procures pre-eminent estimation for a person or thing, in Hom. any kind of conspicuous advantage. Later confined by philos. writers to intrinsic eminence-moral goodness, virtue; <br\/> __(a) <b>of God<\/b>: 2Pe.1:3; <br\/> __(b) <b>of men<\/b>: Php.4:8, 2Pe.1:5; pl. (Isa, Es, ll. with), <b>excellencies<\/b>: 1Pe.2:9 (the usage appears to be a survival of an early comprehensive sense in which the original idea is blended with the impression which it makes on others, i.e. praise, renown; see Hort, 1 Pe., 129. Deiss., BS, 95 f., thinks it means manifestations of divine power, as in current Gk. speech; cf. also MM, see word)†<br\/> (AS)"
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