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        {
            "lemma": "extra",
            "meanings": 1,
            "language": "lat",
            "descriptions": [
                {
                    "dictionary": "Lewis Short",
                    "reference": "Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary",
                    "source": "https:\/\/www.perseus.tufts.edu\/hopper\/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059",
                    "description": "(adverb) : extrā (old form EXTRAD repeatedly in the S. C. de Bacchan.; v. below, and cf. the letter D.),  and\n* Praep. [contr. from exterā, sc. parte, from exter].\n* Adv. (comp. exterius, see below), on the outside, without (syn.: extrinsecus, foris; opp. intra, intus, in).\n* Lit.: vitiles (alvos apium) fimo bubulo oblinunt intus et extra,Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 16; cf.: cum extra et intus hostem haberent,Caes. B. C. 3, 69, 4; Cels. 6, 18, 7; 9: maceries levigatur extra intraque,Col. 8, 15, 2; for which without a copula: extra intra,Plin. 6, 32, 38, § 205; cf.: nil intra est oleam, nil extra est in nuce duri,Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 31: et in corpore et extra esse quaedam bona,Cic. Fin. 2, 21, 68; cf.: aut in animis aut in corporibus aut extra esse possunt,id. Part. Or. 11, 37: ea, quae extra sunt,id. Rep. 6, 26; cf. id. N. D. 2, 59, 147; and: illa, quae sunt extra, outward goods (τὰ ἔξω), id. Fin. 5, 23 fin.: sint extra licet usus belli,remain aloof,Quint. 1, 10, 48 Spald.—With verbs of motion: ut nulla pars hujusce generis excederet extra,Cic. Univ. 5: ubi jam nihil tale extra fertur,Cels. 7, 27: cum extra fulgorem spargunt,Plin. 37, 8, 37, § 117: ad causam extra arcessitum,Quint. 5, 12, 4; cf.: extra petita,id. 5, 11, 44.—Comp. in nearly the sense of the positive: Exteriusque sitae (urbes) bimari spectantur ab Isthmo,situated without,Ov. M. 6, 420: vasa intrinsecus et exterius crasse picari (jubebat),on the outside, externally,Col. 12, 44, 5.\n* Praep. with acc. (rarely following its case: urbem extra,Tac. A. 13, 47; in late Lat. sometimes also with abl., as extra fano, extra sanctuario, Hyg. de Lim.; cf. Salmas. ad Capitol. Ver. 9, p. 431), outside of, without, beyond.\n* So freq. in the expression extra quam, in conditional sentences usually extra quam si, like praeterquam, except that, unless that, except in case (orig. in the civil law lang.; elsewh. rare): VTEI. EA. BACANALIA. SEI. QVA. SVNT. EXTRAD. QVAM. SEI. QVID. IBEI. SACRI. EST, etc., S. C. de Bacch. fin.; cf. respecting this senatusconsultum in Livy: ut omnia Bacchanalia diruerent: extra quam si qua ibi vetusta ara aut signum consecratum esset,Liv. 39, 18, 7: si addat exceptionem hanc: extra quam si quis, etc.,Cic. Inv. 1, 33, 56; cf. id. Att. 6, 1, 15; Liv. 38, 38, 9; Dig. 43, 12, 1, § 16: extra quam qui, etc.,Liv. 26, 34, 6: postulat is, quicum agitur, a praetore exceptionem: extra quam in reum capitis praejudicium fiat,Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 59.\n* Beyond the technical lang.: negant, sapientem suscepturum ullam rei publicae partem, extra quam si eum tempus et necessitas coëgerit?unless.Cic. Rep. 1, 6: extra  quam si nolint fame perire, id. Inv. 2, 57, 172.—*\n* Additional, for the more usual praeterea, besides, extra, additional: quaedam, inquit, pluris sunt quam venierunt, et ob hoc aliquid mihi extra pro illis, quamvis empta sint, debes,Sen. Ben. 6, 15, 2.\n* Lit.: aut intra muros aut extra, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 391 ed. Vahl.); imitated by Horace: Iliacos intra muros peccatur et extra,Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 16: quid sic te extra aedes exanimata eliminas? Enn. ap. Non. 39, 4 (Trag. v. 290 ed. Vahl.): NEVE EXTRAD VRBEM SACRA QVISQVAM FECISE VELET, S. C. de Bacchan.: extra portam Collinam,Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 58: extra Peloponnesum,id. Rep. 2, 4: extra provinciam,Caes. B. G. 1, 10 fin.: extra ostium limenque carceris,Cic. Tusc. 5, 5, 13; so, extra limen Apuliae,Hor. C. 3, 4, 10 et saep.—With abstract substantives: esse extra noxiam,Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 57: extra noxiam,id. Hec. 2, 3, 3: extra noxam, extra famam noxae,Liv. 34, 61, 9; cf.: ut extra ruinam sint eam, quae impendet,beyond, apart from,Cic. Att. 11, 24, 2: extra causam esse,id. Caecin. 32, 94; so, extra hanc contentionem certamenque nostrum,id. Div. in Caecil. 12, 37: extra ordinem,id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19; id. Clu. 31, 85; id. Fam. 6, 5, 6: extra quotidianam consuetudinem,Caes. B. C. 3, 85, 3: extra numerum,Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 1; Cic. Par. 3, 2, 26; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 59: extra modum,Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 41: extra jocum,joking apart, seriously,id. Fam. 7, 16, 2 et saep.: ne quo ad cenam exiret extra consilium meum, without my advice, Titin. ap. Non. 95, 2; cf.: ipsi medium ingenium, magis extra vitia quam cum virtutibus,Tac. H. 1, 49: extra honorem,Suet. Claud. 14; Plin. 2, 59, 60, § 150. —With verbs of motion: imperatores in medium exeunt extra turbam ordinum,beyond,Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 68: extra portam deducere,id. Capt. 3, 5, 78; cf.: extra portam perire,id. Mil. 2, 4, 7: fines terminique, extra quos egredi non possim,Cic. Quint. 10, 35; cf.: extra cancellos egredi,id. ib. § 36: extra modum sumptu et magnificentia prodire,id. Off. 1, 39, 140: ut extra tabulam non emineat,Cels. 6, 7, 9 et saep.\n* Transf. (acc. to I. B.), in indicating an exception or addition (= praeter).\n* Excepting, except: optumam progeniem Priamo peperisti extra me (= me exceptā), Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66 (Trag. v. 83 ed. Vahl.): extra unum te,Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 203; cf.: extra unum Palaestrionem,id. Mil. 2, 2, 6: extra unam aniculam,Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 48: extra ducem paucosque praeterea reliqui primum in ipso bello rapaces, deinde, etc.,Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2: vacationem militiae esse extra tumultum Gallicum,id. Phil. 5, 19, 53: ad haec, quae interrogatus es, responde: extra ea cave vocem mittas,Liv. 8, 32, 8.— *\n* Besides, in addition to: quod Cato si voluit, extra familiam debuit dicere vilicum et vilicam,Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 3."
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                    "reference": "Thesaurus Linguae Latinae",
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