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            "lemma": "caudex",
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                    "dictionary": "Lewis Short",
                    "reference": "Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary",
                    "source": "https:\/\/www.perseus.tufts.edu\/hopper\/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059",
                    "description": "caudex | cōdex (noun M) : (more recent orthography ) [etym. dub.; cf. cauda].\n* The trunk of a tree, the stock, stem (rare).\n* Caudex, Plin. 16, 30, 53, § 121; 12, 15, 34, § 67; Verg. G. 2, 30 et saep.\n* Inpartic.\n* The block of wood to which one was bound for punishment: codex,Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 39; Prop. 4 (5), 7, 44; Juv. 2, 57.\n* A term of reproach, block, dolt, blockhead: caudex,Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 4; Petr. 74.\n* A block of wood split or sawn into planks, leaves or tablets and fastened together: quia plurium tabularum contextus caudex apud antiquos vocatur,Sen. Brev. Vit. 13, 4: quod antiqui pluris tabulas conjunctas codices dicebant, Varr. ap. Non. p. 535, 20.—Hence\n* (Since the ancients orig. wrote upon tablets of wood smeared with wax.) A book, a writing (its leaves were not, like the volumina, rolled within one another, but, like those of our books, lay over one another; cf. Dict. of Antiq.).\n* Caudex, Cato ap. Front. Ep. ad M. Ant. 1, 2.\n* Esp. of an accountbook and particularly of a ledger (while adversaria signifies the waste-book; hence only the former was of any validity in law): non habere se hoc nomen (this item) in codice accepti et expensi relatum confitetur: sed in adversariis patere contendit, etc.,Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 5; v. the passage in connection; cf. id. ib. 3, 9: in codicis extremā cerā (i. e. upon the last tablet), Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36. § 92: referre in codicem,id. Sull. 15, 44.\n* A code of laws: Codex Theodosianus, Justinianus, etc.; cf. Dict. of Antiq. s. v."
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